Iyini imitha yokugeleza komoya emotweni
Inzwa yokugeleza komoya, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-air flowmeter, ingenye yezinzwa ezibalulekile ezinjinini zokujova uphethiloli kagesi. Iguqula ukugeleza komoya okuhogelwayo kube isignali kagesi bese iyithumela kuyunithi yokulawula kagesi (i-ECU), esebenza njengenye yezibonakaliso eziyisisekelo zokunquma ukujova uphethiloli futhi iyinzwa yokulinganisa ukugeleza komoya okuhogelwayo enjinini.
Kudivayisi yokufaka uphethiloli elawulwa ngogesi, inzwa elinganisa inani lomoya ophefumulwa yinjini, okungukuthi inzwa yokugeleza komoya, ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ezinquma ukunemba kokulawula kohlelo. Lapho ukunemba kokulawula kwesilinganiso somoya-fuel (A/F) somoya kanye nengxube emuncwa yinjini kuchazwe njengo-±1.0, iphutha elivumelekile lohlelo lingu-± 6% kuya ku-7%. Uma leli phutha elivumelekile lisatshalaliswa engxenyeni ngayinye yohlelo, iphutha elivumelekile lenzwa yokugeleza komoya lingu-± 2% kuya ku-3%.
Isilinganiso sobuningi bokugeleza komoya okuncane kakhulu kwenjini kaphethiloli, okuphezulu/ngomzuzu, singama-40 kuya ku-50 ohlelweni oluphefumulayo ngokwemvelo kanye nama-60 kuya ku-70 ohlelweni olune-turbocharger. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu, inzwa yokugeleza komoya kufanele ikwazi ukugcina ukunemba kokulinganisa okungu-±2 kuya ku-3[%]. Inzwa yokugeleza komoya esetshenziswa kudivayisi yokufaka uphethiloli elawulwa ngogesi akufanele igcine ukunemba kokulinganisa ebangeni elibanzi lokulinganisa, kodwa futhi ibe nempendulo enhle kakhulu yokulinganisa, ikwazi ukulinganisa ukugeleza komoya okushayayo, futhi ukucubungula isignali yokukhipha kufanele kube lula.
Ngokwezici ezahlukene zenzwa yokugeleza komoya, uhlelo lokulawula uphethiloli luhlukaniswe ngokulawula kohlobo lwe-L okulinganisa ngqo ivolumu yokungenisa kanye nokulawula kohlobo lwe-D okulinganisa ngokungaqondile ivolumu yokungenisa ngokusekelwe endleleni yokulinganisa ivolumu yokungenisa. Ivolumu yokungenisa ilinganiswa ngokungaqondile ngokwengcindezi engemihle ye-manifold yokungenisa kanye nesivinini senjini. Kwimodi yokulawula yohlobo lwe-D, i-microcomputer ROM igcina kusengaphambili ivolumu yomoya wokungenisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene ngesivinini senjini kanye nengcindezi epayipini lokungenisa njengemingcele. Ngokusekelwe ekucindezelweni kokungenisa kanye nesivinini esilinganiswa esimweni ngasinye sokusebenza kanye nokubhekisela kuvolumu yomoya wokungenisa ekhunjulwayo ku-ROM, i-microcomputer ingabala ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. I-flowmeter yomoya esetshenziswa ekulawuleni kohlobo lwe-L ifana kakhulu neyenzwa yokugeleza kwezimboni ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ingazivumelanisa nesimo esinzima sezimoto, kodwa futhi inesidingo sokuphendula ezinguqukweni ezibukhali zokugeleza lapho i-accelerator icindezelwa kanye nesidingo sokutholwa okunembile kakhulu ekugelezeni komoya okungalingani okubangelwa ukuma kwe-manifold yokungenisa ngaphambi nangemva kwenzwa.
Uhlelo lokuqala lokulawula ukujova uphethiloli ngogesi aluzange lusebenzise amakhompyutha amancane. Kunalokho, lwaluyisekethe ye-analog. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakusetshenziswa inzwa yokugeleza komoya efana ne-valve, kodwa njengoba amakhompyutha amancane ayesetshenziswa ukulawula ukujova uphethiloli, kwavela nezinye izinhlobo eziningana zezinzwa zokugeleza komoya.
Isakhiwo senzwa yokugeleza komoya yohlobo lwe-valve.
Inzwa yokugeleza komoya yohlobo lwe-valve ifakiwe enjinini kaphethiloli, phakathi kwesihlungi somoya kanye ne-throttle. Umsebenzi wayo ukuthola ivolumu yomoya ongenayo yenjini nokuguqula imiphumela yokuthola ibe amasignali kagesi, abese efakwa kwi-microcomputer. Le sensor yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: i-air flowmeter kanye ne-potentiometer.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke inqubo yokusebenza kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya. Umoya odonswa yisihlungi somoya ugijimela ku-valve. I-valve ima endaweni lapho ivolumu yokungenisa ilinganiswa khona nentwasahlobo yokubuya. Okusho ukuthi, izinga lokuvula le-valve lilingana ngqo nevolumu yokungenisa. I-potentiometer nayo ifakiwe ku-shaft ejikelezayo ye-valve. Ingalo eshelelayo ye-potentiometer ijikeleza ngokuvumelana ne-valve. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kokumelana nokushelela kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula izinga lokuvula lepuleti lokulinganisa libe isignali kagesi, ebese ifakwa kusekethe yokulawula.
Inzwa yokugeleza komoya ye-Kaman vortex
Ukuze kunqotshwe ukushiyeka kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya yohlobo lwe-valve, okungukuthi, ukwandisa ububanzi bokulinganisa ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukunemba kokulinganisa nokususa oxhumana nabo abashelelayo, kuthuthukiswe inzwa yokugeleza komoya encane nelula, okungukuthi inzwa yokugeleza komoya ye-Karman vortex,. I-vortex ye-Karman iyinto ebonakalayo. Indlela yokuthola i-vortex kanye nesekethe yokulawula kagesi ayihlangene nhlobo nokunemba kokuthola. Indawo yokudlula komoya kanye noshintsho losayizi wekholomu ekhiqiza i-vortex kunquma ukunemba kokuthola. Futhi, ngoba umphumela walolu hlobo lwenzwa uyisignali ye-elekthronikhi (imvamisa), lapho kufakwa amasignali kusekethe yokulawula yesistimu, i-AD converter ingashiywa. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, inzwa yokugeleza komoya ye-Karman vortex iyisignali efanelekile ekucutshungulweni kwe-microcomputer. Le sensor inezinzuzo ezintathu ezilandelayo: ukunemba kokuhlola okuphezulu, ikhono lokukhipha amasignali aqondile, kanye nokucubungula okulula kwesignali; Ukusebenza ngeke kushintshe ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Njengoba kungokokuthola izinga lokugeleza kwe-volumetric, asikho isidingo sokulungisa izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi yomoya.
Uma kukhiqizwa i-vortex ye-Karman, iyashintsha ngokushintshashintsha kwesivinini kanye nokucindezela. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuthola ukugeleza ukusebenzisa ushintsho lwesivinini ngaphakathi kwayo. Izimpawu zingamagagasi ayisikwele kanye nezibonakaliso zedijithali. Lapho ivolumu yokungenisa iphezulu, imvamisa ye-vortex ye-Karman iyanda, futhi imvamisa yesignali yokukhipha yenzwa yokugeleza komoya iyanda.
Inzwa yokugeleza komoya enesinxephezelo sokushisa nokucindezela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganisweni kokugeleza kwemidiya eyahlukahlukene emipayipini yezimboni, njengegesi, uketshezi, umusi, njll. Izici zayo zifaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi okuphansi, ububanzi bokulinganisa, ukunemba okuphezulu, futhi cishe ayithinteki ngamapharamitha afana nokuxinana koketshezi, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-viscosity lapho kulinganiswa izinga lokugeleza komthamo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza. Azikho izingxenye zemishini ezihambayo, ngakho-ke inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu futhi ayidingi ukulungiswa okuningi. Amapharamitha ensimbi angahlala ezinzile isikhathi eside. Le nsimbi isebenzisa izinzwa zokucindezeleka ze-piezoelectric, ezithembeke kakhulu futhi ezingasebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphakathi kuka--10℃ no-+300℃. Inezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-analog kanye nokukhishwa kwesignali ye-digital pulse, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kanye nezinhlelo zedijithali ezifana namakhompyutha. Kuyizinga lokugeleza elithuthukile futhi elifanele.
Inzuzo enkulu yezinzwa zokugeleza komoya ukuthi i-coefficient yensimbi ayithinteki yizakhiwo zomzimba ze-medium elinganisiwe futhi inganwetshwa kusuka kwenye i-medium evamile iye kwenye imidiya. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ebangeni lokugeleza koketshezi negesi, amabanga emvamisa nawo ayahlukahluka kakhulu. Ku-circuit ye-amplifier yokucubungula izimpawu zomgwaqo ze-vortex, i-passband yesihlungi ihlukile, kanye namapharamitha esifunda. Ngakho-ke, ipharamitha yesifunda efanayo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukala izixhumi ezihlukene.
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