Iyini inzwa ye-camshaft yezimoto
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft yezimoto (i-CPS) iyidivayisi esetshenziselwa ukuthola indawo kanye ne-engela ye-camshaft, enikeza amasignali ku-ECU (Iyunithi Yokulawula Injini) ukulawula amapharamitha enjini ayisihluthulelo njengokushisa isikhathi, isikhathi sokufakwa kukaphethiloli, kanye nokulawula ukuqhuma.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko
Ukubekwa kwesilinda: Ngokubona indawo ye-camshaft, isikhungo esifile esiphezulu sokucindezela (i-BTDC) se-piston yesilinda sokuqala sinqunywa ukuthi sifinyelele ekufakweni kukaphethiloli okunembile kanye nokulawula ukusha.
Isignali ehambisanayo: Njengesignali yokulawula eyinhloko yokulawula ukusha, iqinisekisa ukuthi isilinda ngasinye senjini sisebenza ngokulandelana.
Isimiso sokusebenza
Ukukhiqizwa kwesignali: Inzwa iqukethe i-diode ekhipha ukukhanya (i-LED) kanye ne-phototransistor ngaphakathi. Ngezimbobo ezidlulisela ukukhanya kanye nezingxenye ezivimba ukukhanya zediski yesignali, amasignali e-pulse aphezulu naphansi akhiqizwa ngokushintshana.
Uhlobo lwesignali
Isignali ye-Ne: Ibonisa indawo ye-crankshaft futhi ikhiqiza ama-pulse angu-360 ngokujikeleza ngakunye.
Isignali ye-G: Ibonisa indawo ye-camshaft, ikhiqiza ama-pulse ayi-6 ngokujikeleza ngakunye (okuhambisana ne-Angle yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft engu-120°).
Izinhlobo ezivamile
Uhlobo lwe-Photoelectric: Ukusebenzisa izakhi ezizwela ukukhanya ukuthola izimbobo ezidlulisela ukukhanya zediski yesiginali.
Uhlobo lokungeniswa kwe-magnetic: Luhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-Hall (isignali ye-amplitude ehleliwe) kanye nohlobo lwe-magnetoelectric (amplitude iyahlukahluka ngesivinini sokujikeleza).
Umthelela wephutha
Izimpawu zephutha: Kungabangela ukuthi injini yehluleke ukuqala, amandla ehle, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwande noma kushayeke.
Amamodeli ajwayelekile: Isibonelo, i-Audi Q5 ka-2015 ifakwe ama-camshaft amabili futhi idinga izinzwa ezimbili zokuqapha okuhlukile.
Uma inzwa ye-camshaft yemoto ingasebenzi kahle, izimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuqala, ukwehla kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe, ukuthuthumela komzimba, kanye nokukhanya kwesixwayiso okukhanyayo ngokuvamile kuvela. Kubonakaliswa kanje:
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukuqalisa okungajwayelekile : Injini yehluleka ukuvutha noma kunzima ukuyiqala. Kungathatha imizamo eminingi ukuze iphumelele. Lokhu kungenzeka kokubili ezimweni zenjini ezibandayo nezishisayo.
Inkinga yokukhipha amandla ye-Youdaoplaceholder0: ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka, impendulo ye-throttle ephuzayo, kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokushayela, ngisho nokuhambisana nokuthuthumela komzimba.
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukuwohloka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli : Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yokungakwazi kwe-ECU ukulawula ngokunembile ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli, okuholele ekushisweni kukaphethiloli okungaphelele.
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukusebenza okungazinzile : Ijubane lenjini alizinzile futhi ukudlidliza kusobala lapho kungenzi lutho. Ukudlidliza kuyaqina ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ezinye izimoto zingase zizwe ukushayela kuzulazula noma ukuma ngokuzumayo lapho zifudumala.
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isaziso sephutha : Isibani sephutha lenjini kudeshibhodi (njengamakhodi ephutha e-OBD P0340-P0344) sihlala sivuliwe njalo, okubonisa ukuthi uhlelo luthole isignali engajwayelekile.
Uma kuvela izimpawu ezingenhla, kunconywa ukuthi injini ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguguleka okwengeziwe kwenjini.
Ngemva kokuthi inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft ingasebenzi kahle, imoto ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ukushayela ngenkani kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu enjinini kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona njengokuma ngenkathi ushayela. Kudingeka ukulungiswa ngokushesha.
Umthelela wamaphutha kumthamo wokushayela
Inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft iyisici esiyinhloko sohlelo lokulawula injini, enesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezibonakaliso zesigaba se-camshaft ku-ECU (i-Electronic Control Unit) ukuze ilawule ngokunembile ukulandelana kokusha, isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli, kanye nokucindezela ukuqhuma. Uma seyonakele, i-ECU ayikwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembile indawo yesilinda, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokulawula injini kanye nemoto ingakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuvamile. Kubonakaliswa ngokukhethekile kanje:
Isibambi sendawo se-Youdao0 Kunzima ukuqala noma ukungakwazi ukuqala : Ngemva kokwehluleka kwenzwa, i-ECU idinga ukuthembela esignalini yesikhundla se-crankshaft ukuze inqume ngokungaqondile isikhundla se-camshaft, okubangela ukubambezeleka kokuvumelanisa ukushaja kanye nokujova uphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo, kungadingeka imizamo eminingi noma ngisho nokwehluleka okuphelele kungenzeka.
Ukuyeka injini ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokushayela: Ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo noma ezinomthwalo omningi, injini ingase ivale ngokungalindelekile ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokulawula, okwandisa ingozi yezingozi.
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukukhishwa kwamandla okulinganiselwe : I-ECU izongena kwimodi yokuvikela amaphutha (imodi yokuxhuga), inciphise isivinini semoto (njengokufika ku-80km/h) futhi ikhubaze eminye imisebenzi, okuholela ekusheshiseni okubuthakathaka kanye nobunzima bokukhuphuka imithambeka.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle
Ngemva kokuba inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft yonakele, imoto izoveza ngokushesha lezi zinto ezilandelayo ezibonakalayo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi ukushayela akunakwenzeka:
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isivinini esingazinzile sokungenzi lutho kanye nokuzamazama okukhulu : I-ECU yehluleka ukuhlanganisa isikhathi sokuvulwa nokuvalwa kwe-valve, okuholela ekungalinganini phakathi komthamo wokungenisa kanye nowokukhipha. Injini isesimweni esifana "nesilinda esingekho", kanye nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwesivinini sokujikeleza.
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukuwohloka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli : Isikhathi esingalungile sokufakwa kukaphethiloli kuholela ekushiseni okungaphelele, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-10% kuya ku-15%, futhi intuthu emnyama ingaphuma epayipini lokukhipha uphethiloli ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Isibani sephutha sihlala sivuliwe: ideshibhodi izobonisa isexwayiso sephutha lenjini (njengekhodi P0011 noma P0340), okubonisa ukungalingani kwesistimu.
Ingozi yokushayela ngenkani
Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kunganakwa futhi imoto iqhubeka nokushayela, imiphumela elandelayo emibi ingase ivele
Umonakalo womshini wenjini ye-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Isikhathi sokusha esingalungile singabangela ukugoba noma ukuguqulwa kwe-crankshaft. Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kungalimaza izingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana nama-piston nezinduku zokuxhuma, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa.
Ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya ye-Youdaoplaceholder0: Ukusha okungaphelele kubangela ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-CO kanye ne-HC, okungase kuvimbe i-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu futhi kwephule imithetho yokuvikela imvelo.
Izingozi zokuphepha ze-Youdaoplaceholder0 ziyanda: Ukuma noma ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ngenkathi ushayela kungathinta ngqo izinhlelo ezifana nokusiza ngamabhuleki kanye nokusiza ngokuqondisa, okusongela ukuphepha kokushayela.
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