Iyini inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa imoto
Inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa kwezimoto (i-MAP sensor) iyisici se-elekthronikhi esisetshenziselwa ukuthola ingcindezi ephelele ku-manifold yokungenisa injini. Ngokuguqula izinguquko zokucindezela zibe amasignali kagesi, inikeza idatha ku-ECU ukulawula ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli kanye nesikhathi sokusha. Nansi incazelo eqondile:
Umsebenzi oyinhloko
Qapha ingcindezi ye-input manifold: Xhuma i-input manifold nge-vacuum tube ukuze uzwe izinguquko eziphelele zengcindezi ngemuva kwe-throttle.
Amapharamitha enjini yokulawula: I-ECU ilungisa isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli kanye ne-Angle yokushisa kusengaphambili ngokusekelwe kumasignali enzwa ukuze ithuthukise ukuphuma kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Isimiso sokusebenza
Ukuzwa ingcindezi: Izingxenye ezibucayi zangaphakathi (njenge-varistors, ama-diaphragm e-capacitive) zizwa izinguquko zengcindezi bese ziguqula zibe izinguquko ekumelaneni noma ekukwazini ukusebenza.
Ukuguqulwa kwesignali: Isekethe ehlanganisiwe yandisa izinguquko futhi iziguqule zibe amasignali e-voltage, abese edluliselwa ku-ECU.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
Uhlelo lokujova lohlobo lwe-D: Lubona ngokungaqondile ivolumu yomoya ongenayo. Ngokungafani nezinzwa zokugeleza eziqondile (i-MAF), ludinga ukubalwa kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kanye nomthwalo.
Umthelela wephutha: Umonakalo ungabangela ukuthi ingxube ibe nothe kakhulu noma inciphe kakhulu, amandla anciphe noma ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwande.
Iziphakamiso zokulungisa
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Naka ukuxhumana kwamapayipi okuhlanza kanye nokuqina kwezimpawu ukuze ugweme amaphutha abangelwa yi-carbon deposits noma ukuguga.
Inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa kwezimoto ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwenjini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqapha ingcindezi yomoya ku-input manifold nokudlulisa idatha ngesikhathi sangempela kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU). Ngokulinganisa ngokunembile ingcindezi yokungenisa, i-ECU ingabala ivolumu efanele yokufaka uphethiloli kanye nesikhathi sokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile kwenjini ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Isimiso sokusebenza
Inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa imvamisa ifakwa ku-manifold yokungenisa futhi isebenza ngokuzwa izinguquko zokucindezela komoya ngaphakathi kwe-manifold yokungenisa. Ingxenye eyinhloko ngaphakathi kwenzwa iyi-varistor noma i-capacitive sensing element. Lapho ukucindezeleka komoya kushintsha, inani lokumelana noma le-capacitance yento yokuzwa liyashintsha ngokufanele, ngaleyo ndlela likhiqize isignali kagesi ehambisanayo. Ngemva kokuthola lesi signali, i-ECU ihlanganisa idatha evela kwezinye izinzwa (njengezinzwa zokugeleza komoya, izinzwa zesikhundla se-throttle, njll.) ukuze ibale ngokuphelele inani likaphethiloli wamanje kanye nesikhathi sokuvutha esidingwa yinjini.
Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kwenjini kuhlobene eduze nesilinganiso somoya-uphethiloli. Inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa isiza i-ECU ukunquma ngokunembile inani lomoya ongena kwisilinda, ngaleyo ndlela ilungise ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli ukuze kufezwe isilinganiso esifanele sengxube. Uma inzwa yehluleka, ingabangela ukuthi ingxube ibe namafutha amaningi noma inciphe kakhulu, okuthinta ukuphuma kwamandla kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene
Ingcindezi yokungenisa izoshintsha ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene njengokungahlali isikhathi eside, ukusheshisa kanye nokwehla kwejubane. Ama-sensor aqapha lezi zinguquko ngesikhathi sangempela, okwenza i-ECU ikwazi ukulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kanye nesikhathi sokushisa, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okusheshayo, ingcindezi yokungenisa iyakhuphuka, futhi i-ECU izokwandisa ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli ukuze inikeze amandla aqinile.
Thuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli
Ngokulawula ngokunembile isilinganiso somoya-uphethiloli, inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa isiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungadingekile. Uma isignali yenzwa ingavamile, i-ECU ingase ingakwazi ukulungisa ngokunembile ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli, okuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Nciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi
Isilinganiso esifanele somoya-fuel asigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kodwa futhi sinciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi ayingozi. Ukusebenza okuvamile kwenzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa kusiza injini ukuthi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo futhi inciphise ukungcola kugesi okhipha umoya.
Izinhlobo ezivamile
Izinzwa zokucindezela kokungenisa ezivamile ezitholakala emakethe njengamanje zifaka phakathi lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Inzwa ye-piezoresistive: Isebenzisa umphumela we-piezoresistive wezinto ze-semiconductor ukuguqula izinguquko zomfutho womoya zibe amasignali kagesi.
Inzwa yokuphatha amandla: Ilinganisa ingcindezi ngokuthola izinguquko kumanani okuphatha amandla okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi yomoya.
Inzwa yefilimu encane: Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-thin-film strain gauge futhi inokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuqina.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha kanye nemiphumela
Uma inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa ingasebenzi kahle, isimo sokusebenza kwenjini singathinteka kakhulu. Izimpawu ezivamile zephutha zifaka:
Isivinini sokungaqhubeki esingazinzile: Izimpawu zenzwa ezingavamile zingabangela ukuthi i-ECU yehluleke ukulawula isivinini sokungaqhubeki kahle, okuholela ekunyakazeni noma ekumisweni kwenjini.
Ukwehla kwamandla: Uma idatha yokucindezela kokungenisa etholwe yi-ECU inganembile, kungaholela ekufakweni kukaphethiloli okunganele, okuholela ekusheshiseni okubuthakathaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe: Izimpawu zokucindezela ezingalungile zingabangela i-ECU ukuthi ihlulele kabi ivolumu yokungenisa, okuholela ekuhlinzekweni kukaphethiloli okweqile.
Uma isibani sephutha sivuliwe: I-ECU yezimoto zanamuhla iqapha izimpawu zenzwa. Uma sekutholakale into engavamile, isibani sephutha senjini singase sikhanyiswe.
Ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okuvamile:
Hlanza inzwa: Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, amabala othuli noma uwoyela anganqwabelana ebusweni benzwa, okuthinta ukunemba kokulinganisa. Ungayisula ngobumnene ngesihlanzi esikhethekile.
Hlola uxhumano lomugqa: Ama-plug enzwa axegayo noma agqwalile noma ama-harnesses entambo angabangela ukudluliswa kwesignali okungavamile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa uxhumano oluthembekile.
Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuxilonga ukuze uthole: Uma injini isebenza ngendlela engajwayelekile, ikhodi yephutha ingafundwa ngethuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD ukuze kutholakale ukuthi inzwa isebenza kahle yini.
Ukusebenzisana nezinye izinzwa
Inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa ayisebenzi yodwa. Isebenzisana nezinye izinzwa ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha ye-ECU. Isibonelo:
Inzwa yokugeleza komoya: Ilinganisa ngokuqondile inani lomoya ongena enjinini bese iyiqinisekisa ngedatha evela kunzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa.
Inzwa yesikhundla se-throttle: Iqapha ukuvuleka kwe-throttle ukusiza i-ECU ukubala ivolumu yokungenisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Inzwa ye-oksijini: Impendulo yokwakheka kwegesi yokukhipha umoya ngemva kokusha, okwenza ngcono isilinganiso somoya-uphethiloli.
Izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi bezimoto, ukunemba nokuthembeka kwezinzwa zokucindezela kokungenisa kuye kwathuthuka njalo. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nobuhlakani kuzoba yindlela yokuthuthukiswa. Isibonelo, inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa kanye nenzwa yokushisa kungafakwa kumojuli efanayo ukunciphisa ukuhlala kwesikhala nokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwedatha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye namakhono okulwa nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa.
Ngamafuphi, inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa imoto idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwenjini. Ukusebenza kwayo okuvamile kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwamandla enjini, ukonga kanye nokusebenza kokukhishwa komoya. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwamaphutha okuvamile kungasiza abanikazi bezimoto ukuhlonza nokuxazulula izinkinga ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto isesimweni esihle sokusebenza.
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