Iyini into yokuhlunga uwoyela wemoto
Isihlungi samafutha, esaziwa nangokuthi isihlungi samafutha. Sisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okufana nothuli, izinhlayiya zensimbi, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni kanye nezinhlayiya zomshoshaphansi kumafutha enjini, sivikela injini.
Izihlungi zamafutha zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo zokugeleza okugcwele kanye nokugeleza okuwela. Isihlungi sokugeleza okugcwele sixhunywe ngokulandelana phakathi kwephampu yamafutha kanye nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha, ngaleyo ndlela sikwazi ukuhlunga wonke amafutha okugcoba angena endleleni eyinhloko yamafutha. Isihlanzi sokujika sixhunywe ngokulandelana nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha futhi sihlunga ingxenye kuphela yamafutha okugcoba athunyelwa yiphampu yamafutha. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, izingcezu zensimbi, uthuli, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni afakwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ama-precipitates afana nejeli, amanzi nezinye izinto zihlala zixutshwa kumafutha okugcoba. Umsebenzi wesihlungi samafutha ukuhlunga lokhu kungcola kwemishini kanye nezinsini, ukugcina uwoyela wokugcoba uhlanzekile futhi kwandise impilo yawo yesevisi. Isihlungi samafutha kufanele sibe namandla okuhlunga aqinile, ukumelana nokugeleza okuphansi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi. Ohlelweni lokugcoba olujwayelekile, kufakwa izihlungi eziningana ezinamakhono ahlukene okuhlunga - isihlungi, isihlungi esiqinile kanye nesihlungi esincane - ezixhunywe ngokulandelana ngendlela efanayo noma ngochungechunge endleleni eyinhloko yamafutha. Leyo exhunywe ochungechungeni nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha ibizwa ngokuthi isihlungi sokugeleza okugcwele, lapho wonke uwoyela wokugcoba uhlungwa khona ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini; leso esixhunywe ngokuhambisana naso sibizwa ngokuthi isihlungi sokugeleza okuhlukanisiwe. Phakathi kwazo, isihlungi esiqinile sixhunywe ngochungechunge endaweni enkulu yamafutha futhi sinohlobo lokugeleza okugcwele. Isihlungi esiqinile sixhunywe ngokuhambisana endaweni enkulu yamafutha futhi sinohlobo lokugeleza okuhlukanisiwe. Izinjini zezimoto zanamuhla ngokuvamile zine-strainer kanye nesihlungi samafutha esisebenza ngokuhambisana. Isihlungi esiqinile sisusa ukungcola okunosayizi wezinhlayiya ongu-0.05mm noma ngaphezulu ku-oyela wenjini, kuyilapho isihlungi esiqinile sisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okuqinile okunosayizi wezinhlayiya ongu-0.001mm noma ngaphezulu.
Iphepha lokuhlunga: Izidingo zephepha lokuhlunga ezihlungini zikawoyela ziphakeme kunezo ezihlungini zomoya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela liyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-degrees angu-0 kuya kwangu-300. Ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ukuhlushwa kukawoyela nakho kuyashintsha ngokufanele, okuzothinta izinga lokugeleza kokuhlunga kukawoyela. Iphepha lokuhlunga lesihlungi sikawoyela sekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele likwazi ukuhlunga ukungcola ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa ngenkathi liqinisekisa ukugeleza okwanele.
Indandatho yokuvala irabha: Indandatho yokuvala yesihlungi samafutha enjini asezingeni eliphezulu yenziwe ngerabha ekhethekile, iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza kwamafutha okungu-100%.
I-valve yokucindezela i-Backflow: Itholakala kuphela ezihlungini zikawoyela ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Uma injini icishiwe, ingavimbela isihlungi sikawoyela ukuthi some. Uma injini ivuselelwa, ikhipha ngokushesha ingcindezi yokunikeza uwoyela wenjini ukuze igcotshwe. (Yaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yokuhlola
I-valve yokusiza: Itholakala kuphela ezihlungini zikawoyela ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle lehla liye enanini elithile noma lapho isihlungi sikawoyela sidlula impilo yaso evamile yokusebenza, i-valve yokusiza izovuleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekhethekile, ivumele uwoyela ongahlungiwe ukuthi ugeleze ngqo enjinini. Noma kunjalo, ukungcola ku-oyela wenjini kuzongena enjinini ndawonye, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nomonakalo obangelwe ukungabikho kukawoyela wenjini enjinini, umonakalo onjalo mncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokusiza iyisihluthulelo sokuvikela injini esimweni esiphuthumayo. (Yaziwa nangokuthi i-valve ye-bypass
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izingxenye ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwenjini zisebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokugcotshwa kwamafutha enjini. Kodwa-ke, imfucumfucu yensimbi ekhiqizwa ukusebenza kwezingxenye, uthuli olungena, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni ancibilikiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi kuzohlala kuhlangana kumafutha enjini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impilo yenkonzo yamafutha enjini izoncipha, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingathinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba, indima yesihlungi samafutha iyaqala ukusebenza. Kalula nje, umsebenzi oyinhloko wesihlungi samafutha ukuhlunga iningi lokungcola ku-oyela wenjini, ukugcina uwoyela uhlanzekile nokwandisa impilo yawo evamile yokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlungi samafutha kufanele futhi sibe namandla okuhlunga aqinile, ukumelana nokugeleza okuphansi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
Kunezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu ngezihlungi zamafutha ezitholakala emakethe, kodwa umkhiqizo omusha uzilungisile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo omusha, isihlungi samafutha esinamandla esinobuthi.
Ububi bokuqala: Ingahlunga kuphela ukungcola okungu-60% ku-oyela wenjini, ngokuphumelela okuphansi kokuhlunga.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlungi zamafutha zamanje zithembele embobeni eyodwa yesakhi sesihlungi sephepha ukuze zivimbele futhi zihlunge ukungcola okuyingozi kumafutha. Uma imigobo emincane yephepha lesihlungi incane, umphumela wokuhlunga uba ngcono, kodwa ikhono likawoyela lokudlula liba libi kakhulu. Ukuze kuxazululwe ukuphikisana kokuthi izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zokungcola zingahlungwa ku-micro-pore efanayo yephepha lesihlungi ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa nokuthi inani elanele likawoyela wenjini elinikezwa enjinini lingadlula kule micro-pore. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa okwenziwe yi-Filter Branch ye-National Internal Combustion Engine Industry Association kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlola ejwayelekile yamazwe ngamazwe ye-ISO4548 yokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga isihlungi samafutha, ngisho nezihlungi zamafutha ezinhle kakhulu emakethe zingaklanywa kuphela ukususa u-60% wokungcola kumafutha. Leli yinani eliphezulu lokuhlunga elitholakala ngemuva kwezinkulungwane zezilingo. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, kusekhona u-40% wokungcola okuyingozi okungenakuhlungwa ngempumelelo yizakhi zesihlungi sephepha. Phakathi kwalezi 40% zokungcola, ngenxa yemvelo encane neqinile yokungcola kwe-ferromagnetic, ziningi kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibangela umonakalo omkhulu enjinini.
Ububi 2: Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga akusikho ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile.
Izihlungi zikawoyela ezisetshenziswa njengamanje zonke zinama-valve e-bypass phansi kwento yokuhlunga iphepha. Lena isiteshi sokugeleza kukawoyela esiqondile esakhelwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuklama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela wenjini ungajikeleza kahle ubuyele enjinini lapho injini ibanda iqala futhi i-viscosity kawoyela iphezulu noma into yokuhlunga iphepha ivinjiwe kancane noma ngokuphelele. Lapho i-bypass valve kawoyela wenjini ivulwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yepompo kawoyela, uwoyela wenjini ojikeleza ubuyela enjinini nge-bypass valve awugcini nje ngokuhluleka ukuhlungwa yinto yokuhlunga iphepha, kodwa futhi nezinhlayiya ezinkulu zokungcola ezazihlungiwe ekuqaleni yinto yokuhlunga iphepha zizophinde zibuyiselwe enjinini nge-bypass valve, okubangela ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo kwesibili enjinini. Ngakho-ke, izihlungi zikawoyela ezisetshenziswa emakethe Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, ngokuyisisekelo zidlala indima yokuhlunga, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga ngalesi sikhathi kungu-zero.
Kusukela kokubi okubili okungenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi izihlungi zikawoyela ezisetshenziswa njengamanje azikwazi ukuhlunga unomphela ukungcola okukhulu noma okuncane kunezimbobo ezincane zento yokuhlunga iphepha. Zingasusa unomphela ukungcola okulingana nezimbobo ezincane zento yokuhlunga iphepha bese zifakwa kuzo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kuphansi kakhulu.
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