Umsebenzi wama-spark plugs
Ipulaki ye-spark iyisici esibalulekile sohlelo lokuthungela injini kaphethiloli. Ingangenisa i-voltage ephezulu ekamelweni lokuthungela futhi yenze igxume phezu kwegebe le-electrode ukuze ikhiqize i-spark, ngaleyo ndlela ivuthe ingxube evuthayo esilinda. Yakhiwe kakhulu yi-connection nut, i-insulator, isikulufu sokuxhuma, i-electrode ephakathi, ama-electrode aseceleni kanye ne-housing. Ama-electrode aseceleni axhunyelelwe e-housing.
I-spark plug, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-fire nozzle", isebenza ukukhulula ugesi we-pulsed high-voltage othunyelwa yi-high-voltage wire (i-fire nozzle wire), idabule emoyeni phakathi kwama-electrode amabili e-spark plug, futhi ikhiqize i-electric spark ukuze ivuthele igesi exubile ku-cylinder. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka: ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwe-quasi, ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwe-edge body aphumayo, ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwe-electrode, ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwesihlalo, ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwe-electrode, ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwe-face jumping, njll.
Ama-spark plug afakwa ohlangothini noma phezulu kwenjini. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ama-spark plug ayexhunywe ku-distributor ngezintambo zesilinda. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, izinjini eziningi ezimotweni ezincane ziye zashintshwa ukuze i-ignition coil ixhunywe ngqo ku-spark plug. I-voltage yokusebenza ye-spark plug okungenani ingu-10,000V. I-voltage ephezulu ikhiqizwa yi-ignition coil evela kugesi we-12V bese idluliselwa ku-spark plug.
Ngaphansi komphumela we-voltage ephezulu, umoya ophakathi kwe-electrode ephakathi kanye ne-electrode eseceleni ye-spark plug uzoshesha ukudlula ku-ionization, wakhe ama-ion ashajwe kahle kanye nama-electron ashajwe kabi. Lapho i-voltage phakathi kwama-electrode ifinyelela inani elithile, inani lama-ion nama-electron kugesi liyanda njenge-avalanche, okwenza umoya ulahlekelwe yimpahla yawo yokuvikela. Kukhiwa isiteshi sokukhipha esikhaleni, bese kwenzeka into "yokuqhekeka". Kuleli qophelo, igesi yakha umzimba okhanyayo, obizwa ngokuthi "i-spark". Njengoba ikhula ngenxa yokushisa, kuzwakala nomsindo "we-pop pop". Izinga lokushisa lale spark kagesi lingafinyelela ku-2000 kuya ku-3000 degrees Celsius, okwanele ukuvuthisa ingxube ekamelweni lokushiswa kwesilinda.
Ngokwenani lama-calorie, kukhona uhlobo olubandayo nohlobo olushisayo. Ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-electrode, kukhona ama-alloy e-nickel, ama-alloy esiliva nama-alloy e-platinum, njll. Uma singochwepheshe kakhulu, izinhlobo zama-spark plugs cishe zimi kanje:
Ipulaki yenhlansi yohlobo lwe-quasi: Isiketi sayo sokuvikela sihoxiswe kancane ebusweni bokugcina bendlu, kanti i-electrode eseceleni ingaphandle kobuso bokugcina bendlu. Luhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ipulaki yenhlansi ephumayo yomzimba onqenqemeni: Isiketi se-insulator side kakhulu futhi siphuma ngale kobuso bokugcina bendlu. Sinezinzuzo zokumunca ukushisa okukhulu kanye nekhono elihle lokulwa nokungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singapholiswa ngqo ngomoya wokungenisa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi sibangele ukushisa okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, sinokuhlukahluka okubanzi kokuzivumelanisa nokushisa.
Ama-spark plugs ohlobo lwe-electrode: Ama-electrode awo alungile kakhulu. Abonakala ngezinhlansi ezinamandla, amandla okuhle okushisa, futhi angaqinisekisa ukuthi injini iqala ngokushesha nangokuthembekile ngisho nasezinkathini ezibandayo. Anebanga elikhulu lokushisa futhi angahlangabezana nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
Ipulaki yesikhala sesihlalo: Indlu yayo kanye nentambo yesikulufu zenziwe ngesimo esiyindilinga, ngakho-ke ingagcina isivalo esihle ngaphandle kwe-gasket, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise umthamo wepulaki yesikhala futhi ibe wusizo kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwenjini.
Ama-polar spark plugs: Ama-electrode aseceleni ngokuvamile amabili noma ngaphezulu. Izinzuzo zawo ukushaqeka okuthembekile futhi igebe alidingi ukulungiswa njalo. Ngakho-ke, avame ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinjini zikaphethiloli lapho ama-electrode evame ukuguguleka khona futhi igebe le-spark plug alikwazi ukulungiswa njalo.
Ipulaki ye-spark yobuso: Eyaziwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwe-face gap, uhlobo lwepulaki ye-spark olubanda kakhulu, futhi igebe eliphakathi kwe-electrode ephakathi nobuso bokugcina bendlu ligxile.
Ama-spark plugs ohlobo olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo oluvelayo
Ipulagi yenhlansi ejwayelekile iyipulagi yenhlansi ye-electrode enohlangothi olulodwa enesiphelo sesiketi se-insulator esiphansi kancane kunobuso bokuphela obunentambo bendlu. Yamukela isakhiwo sendabuko sokuphela kokushiswa esisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zamavalvu ezifakwe eceleni. Ukuze ihlukaniswe "nohlobo oluvelayo" olwavela kamuva, lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo olujwayelekile".
Ipulaki yenhlansi ephumayo yayiklanyelwe izinjini zevalvu eziphezu kwekhanda. Isiketi sayo se-insulator siphuma ebusweni bokuphela obunentambo begobolondo bese sidlulela ekamelweni lokushisa. Simunca ukushisa okuningi engxubeni yokushisa, sinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza ngesivinini sokushisa, futhi sigwema ukungcola. Ngesivinini esiphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi ivalvu ibekwe phezulu, umoya ophefumulayo uqondiswa esiketini se-insulator, uyipholise. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu alikhuphuki kakhulu, ngakho-ke ububanzi bokushisa bukhulu kakhulu. Amapulaki enhlansi aphumayo awafaneleki ezinjinini zevalvu ezifakwe eceleni ngoba zinamajika amaningi endaweni yokungenisa futhi ukuhamba komoya akunawo umphumela wokupholisa esiketini se-insulator.
Amapulagi enhlansi anezigxobo ezilodwa kanye nezinezigxobo eziningi
Ipulaki ye-spark yendabuko ene-single pole inesici esihlukile, okungukuthi, i-electrode eseceleni imboza i-electrode ephakathi. Lapho kuvela ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu phakathi kwezinsika ezimbili, igesi exubile esikhala se-spark izomunca ukushisa kwe-spark futhi isebenze ngenxa ye-ionization ukuze yakhe "i-spark core". Indawo lapho i-spark core yakheka khona ngokuvamile iseduze ne-electrode eseceleni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukushisa okwengeziwe kuzomuncwa yi-electrode eseceleni, eyaziwa ngokuthi "umphumela wokucindezela ilangabi" we-electrode. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla e-spark futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-flameout.
Ngakho-ke, ngawo-1920, kwavela ama-spark plugs amathathu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-electrode yohlangothi olulodwa, igebe le-spark le-electrode yohlangothi oluningi lakhiwe yizingxenye eziwelayo zama-electrode amaningi aseceleni (abhobozwe emigobeni eyindilinga) kanye nobuso obuyindilinga be-electrode ephakathi. Leli gebe le-spark elifakwe eceleni lisusa ubuthakathaka bama-electrode aseceleni amboze i-electrode ephakathi, landisa "ukufinyeleleka" kwe-spark, linamandla amakhulu e-spark, futhi kulula ukungena ngaphakathi kwesilinda, okusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sokusha kwengxube nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya. Ngenxa yezinsika eziningi ezihlinzeka ngeziteshi eziningi ze-spark, impilo yesevisi iyandiswa futhi ukuthembeka kokusha kuyathuthukiswa. Kumele kuphawulwe lapha ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, isiteshi esisodwa kuphela esingashisa, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinsika eziningi zishaye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Inqubo yokukhipha izithombe ezisheshayo ifakazela leli phuzu.
Izinhlamvu zesijobelelo (izinhlamvu ezilandela inani le-calorific) u-D, u-J, no-Q kumamodeli e-spark plug asekhaya ngokulandelana amelela i-double-pole, i-triple-pole, kanye ne-four-pole.
Amapulagi e-spark electrode spark plugs asekelwe ku-nickel kanye ne-copper core asekelwe ku-nickel
Izidingo eziyisisekelo kakhulu zama-electrode angena ekamelweni lokusha ukumelana nokugqwala (kokubili ukugqwala kukagesi kanye namakhemikhali) kanye nokuqhuba kahle kokushisa. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinqubo, izinto ze-electrode ziye zadlula enkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusukela ku-iron, nickel, i-nickel-based alloys, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-nickel-copper kuya kuzinsimbi eziyigugu. I-alloy esetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku yi-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel. Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi ezihlanzekile zinokuqhuba okungcono kokushisa kune-alloys, kodwa izinsimbi ezihlanzekile (njenge-nickel) zizwela kakhulu ekusabeleni kokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kwamagesi okusha kanye nama-solids akhiwe yizo kune-alloys. Ngakho-ke, izinto ze-electrode zamukela izinto ezisekelwe ku-nickel ngokwengeza izinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-manganese, ne-silicon. I-Chromium ithuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kukagesi, kuyilapho i-manganese ne-silicon zithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ukumelana ne-sulfur oxide eyingozi kakhulu.
Ama-spark plugs ohlobo olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo lokumelana
I-spark plug, njengomkhiqizi wokukhipha i-spark, iwumthombo wokuphazamiseka kwemisebe kagesi eqhubekayo ye-broadband. Kusukela ngawo-1960, amazwe emhlabeni wonke asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwama-spark plug aphikisayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwemisebe kagesi okubangelwa yizinhlansi ensimini yomsakazo, kuvikelwe ukuxhumana komsakazo futhi kuvinjelwe ukungasebenzi kahle kwamadivayisi kagesi asebhodini. I-China iphinde yakhipha uchungechunge lwezindinganiso zikazwelonke eziphoqelekile zokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic, ibeka imikhawulo eqinile ezicini zokuphazamiseka komsakazo wamadivayisi ezimoto aqhutshwa yizinjini zokuthungela ze-spark plug. Ngenxa yalokho, isidingo sama-spark plug aphikisayo sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ama-spark plug aphikisayo awanayo umehluko omkhulu wesakhiwo kusuka kohlobo oluvamile; umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-conductor sealant ngaphakathi komzimba ovikelayo ishintshwa ibe yi-resistive sealant.
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