Iyini imisebenzi nezinjongo zokuhlanganiswa kwenjini?
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini kuyiyunithi yamandla eyinhloko yemoto, esebenza ngokuyinhloko ukuguqula amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe amandla omshini, ngaleyo ndlela iqhube imoto ukuthi ihambe. Akubhekiseli enjinini ngokwayo kuphela kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa yonke inhlanganisela yenjini nazo zonke izinhlelo zayo ezisekelayo nezesekeli, okuyiyunithi yamandla ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele futhi esebenza kahle.
Imisebenzi ethile yokuhlanganiswa kwenjini ingafingqwa kanje:
Nikeza amandla okushayela ayisisekelo: Ngokushisa kwangaphakathi uphethiloli noma udizili (noma injini yokushayela ezimotweni zikagesi), iguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla omshini ajikelezayo, ikhipha amandla okushayela imoto phambili.
Hlanganisa futhi uhlele izinhlelo ezahlukene ezisizayo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini kuhlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, okuzinzile, nokuphephile kwenjini, okuhlanganisa:
Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli: Luxuba futhi lulethe ingxube evuthayo kumasilinda ukuze lunikeze amandla okushisa.
Uhlelo Lokupholisa: Lusebenzisa i-coolant ukuze lususe ukushisa okweqile okubangelwa ukusebenza kwenjini, luyigcine ingaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elifanele futhi luvimbele umonakalo wokushisa ngokweqile.
Uhlelo lokugcoba: Luhlinzeka njalo ngowoyela wokugcoba ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ezihambayo (njenge-crankshaft, ama-piston, njll.), okwakha ifilimu kawoyela ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka, nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
Uhlelo lokukhanyisa (lwezinjini zikaphethiloli): Lukhiqiza inhlansi kagesi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuvuthe ingxube evuthayo esilinda.
Uhlelo lokuqalisa: Lunikeza amandla okuqala okujikeleza ngenjini yokuqalisa, okuvumela injini ukuthi iqale kahle isesimweni sokungashintshi.
Indlela yokufaka nokukhipha ugesi: Ilawula izikhathi zokuvula nokuvala kwama-valve okungenisa nokukhipha ugesi ukuze kufezwe umjikelezo we-"inlet - compression - power - exhaust", oqinisekisa "ukuphefumula" okubushelelezi kwenjini.
Nikeza amandla ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto: Ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini kuvame ukufaka ijeneretha (i-alternator), eshaja ibhethri lemoto lapho injini isebenza futhi inikeze amandla kuwo wonke amadivayisi kagesi njengezibani, umsindo, i-ECU, njll.
Ukulawula ukuguqulwa kwamandla nokukhishwa komoya: Ngenkathi iqedela ukuguqulwa kwamandla, icubungula igesi yokukhipha umoya kusukela enkambisweni yokushisa ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezifana nohlelo lokukhipha umoya, inciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi (njenge-carbon monoxide, i-nitrogen oxides, njll.) ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zemvelo.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini kuyisistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganiswe kahle kakhulu futhi ehlelekile. Akuyona nje "inhliziyo" yemoto kodwa futhi kuyimbangela yamandla, amandla, kanye nokulawula kwemoto.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenjini kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemoto. Uma sekonakele, kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwemoto, okubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukukhubazeka kokuqalisa: Imoto ingase ibhekane nokukwazi ukuqala ngezikhathi ezithile, ngezinye izikhathi ukuqala futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingasabeli. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuguguleka kwamagiya okudlulisa noma ama-clutch emoto yokuqala; noma kungase kube nezenzakalo ezifana nemoto yokuqala ejikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu kodwa i-crankshaft ingajikelezi, noma imoto yokuqala ingasebenzi nhlobo. Izimbangela zingase zihilele amaphutha entambo kagesi, ukushisa kweswishi yokuqalisa, amandla ebhethri anganele, noma ukumelana kwangaphakathi ngokweqile kwenjini.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kokukhipha ugesi: Ipayipi lokukhipha ugesi likhipha intuthu engajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokuqala ukusebenza ekuseni, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuguga kwe-valve oil seal; uma iqhubeka, ikhombisa ukuguguleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi kwenjini, njengokuguguleka kwendandatho yepiston, okubangela ukuba uwoyela ungene ekamelweni lokushisa.
Imisindo engajwayelekile: Uma injini igugile kakhulu (njengokukhuhla kwesilinda), izokhipha umsindo wokungqongqoza othi "thud thud thud", ikakhulukazi obonakala kakhulu ngesivinini esiphezulu noma ngesivinini esiphezulu sokujikeleza (ngaphezu kuka-3000 rpm); uma umsindo onzima noma umsindo othi "dud dud" uzwakala lapho uqala, kungase kube ngenxa yokuvaleka kwama-clutch ohlangothini olulodwa, ukufakwa okungafanele, noma amaphutha ekhoyili.
Ukwehla kokusebenza: Ukulimala kokuhlanganiswa kwenjini kuzoholela ekungakhiqizi kahle kwamandla, ukonga uphethiloli, ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka, kanye nokuvala injini ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokushayela, okuthinta kakhulu ukuphepha kokushayela.
Uma kutholakala noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla, kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukushayela ngokushesha bese uya esikhungweni sokulungisa esingochwepheshe ukuze uhlolwe ngokuphelele ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka kwephutha okuqhubekayo.
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