Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko ezinyakazayo zenjini?
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezihambayo eziyinhloko zenjini, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-crankshaft kanye nendlela yokuxhuma induku, yingxenye ehambayo eyinhloko yenjini evumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla.
Lo mhlangano wakhiwe kakhulu yizingxenye ezilandelayo:
I-piston: Ihamba iye emuva naphambili kusilinda, ithwele ingcindezi evela kumagesi okushisa.
Indandatho yepiston: Uma ifakwa ku-piston, isebenza njengokuvala, ukudlulisa ukushisa, kanye nokuklwebha uwoyela.
Iphinikhodi yepiston: Ixhuma iphinikhodi nenduku yokuxhuma, idlulisela amandla.
Induku yokuxhuma: Idlulisela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwepiston ku-crankshaft bese iyiguqula ibe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.
I-crankshaft: Ithola amandla avela endukwini yokuxhuma bese iguqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwepiston kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo, okusebenza njengomshini wokukhipha wenjini.
I-flywheel: Ifakwe ngemuva kwe-crankshaft, igcina futhi ikhiphe amandla ukuze injini isebenze kahle futhi isebenze njengengxenye yokuxhumanisa yokuqalisa nokudlulisa.
Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuqedela ukuguqulwa kusuka emandleni amakhemikhali kuya emandleni omshini, okwenza kube yinhlanganisela eyinhloko yenjini.
Enjinini, "ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko ezihambayo" kuvame ukubhekisela ku-crankshaft kanye nendlela yokuxhuma induku, okuyisethi eyinhloko yezingxenye ezihambayo ezivumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla enjinini.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla okushisa akhiqizwa ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kusilinda abe amandla omshini ajikelezayo, ngaleyo ndlela kushayelwe imoto noma imishini ukuthi isebenze.
Inqubo ethile yokusebenza imi kanje:
I-piston iyahamba iye emuva naphambili kusilinda, ithwele ukucindezelwa okuphezulu okuvela kumagesi okushisa.
Induku yokuxhuma ixhuma i-piston ne-crankshaft, idlulise ukunyakaza okuqondile kwe-piston futhi iyiguqule ibe ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.
I-crankshaft (evame ukuhlanganiswa ne-crankshaft) idlulisela amandla okujikeleza ku-gearbox, amasondo okushayela, noma eminye imishini esebenzayo.
I-flywheel (evame ukuhlanganiswa ne-crankshaft) igcina amandla futhi yenza injini isebenze kahle, inqobe ukumelana nokushaya okungasebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, i-crankshaft kanye nendlela yokuxhuma induku iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile yezingxenye ezihambayo ezenza kube nokuguqulwa "kwamandla amakhemikhali → amandla okushisa → amandla omshini" enjinini, futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-skeleton" kanye nesikhungo sokukhipha amandla enjini.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezinyakazayo eziyinhloko zenjini kuvame ukubhekisela kusethi yezingxenye ezingaphakathi kwenjini ezibangela ukunyakaza okuyinhloko, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa i-crankshaft, induku yokuxhuma, i-piston, indandatho ye-piston, ama-valve, i-camshaft, i-timing chain noma ibhande, njll. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuguqula amandla akhiqizwa ukushiswa kukaphethiloli abe ukunyakaza komshini. Uma lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zihluleka, kuzoholela ngqo ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini noma ngisho nasekuhlulekeni ngokuphelele.
Ukubonakaliswa okuvamile kwamaphutha ekuhlanganisweni kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zenjini kufaka phakathi:
Umsindo ongajwayelekile: Imisindo ecacile yokungqongqoza (ukungqongqoza), ukushayisana kwensimbi, noma imisindo enzima "yokugoqa" ivela ngaphakathi kwenjini, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuguguleka okukhulu, ukuvuleka ngokweqile, noma ukugcotshwa kabi kwepiston, amabheringi enduku yokuxhuma, noma amabheringi amakhulu e-crankshaft. Iketanga/ibhande elixegayo noma amazinyo okweqa nawo azokhiqiza imisindo ekhethekile.
Ukunciphisa amandla amakhulu kanye nokudlidliza: Imoto ayinawo amandla okusheshisa, iphendula kancane, futhi izwa ukudlidliza okusobala nokuqhubekayo lapho ingasebenzi noma ngenkathi ishayela. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuguguleka kwendandatho yepiston okubangela ukucindezeleka okunganele kwesilinda, izivalo zamavalvu ezikhululekile, noma ukungahleleki kahle kwesikhathi, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokushisa.
Ukukhishwa komoya ongcolile ngokweqile: Ipayipi lomoya ongcolile liqhubeka likhipha umusi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojiyile, okuwuphawu lokuthi uwoyela uchithekela ekamelweni lokushisa uyasha, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuguguleka kwendandatho yepiston, izivalo zamavalvu ezigugayo, noma imihuzuko odongeni lwesilinda. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kube khona umusi omnyama (ukusha okungaphelele) noma umusi omhlophe (isibandisi esingena ekamelweni lokushisa).
Ubunzima bokuqala noma ukungakwazi ukuqala: Nakuba isiqalisi singasebenza ngokujwayelekile, injini ayikwazi ukuvutha nokusebenza. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokumelana okukhulu kwangaphakathi komshini (njengokudonsa isilinda, ukubamba umshaft) noma ukuphuka ngokuphelele kohlelo lwesikhathi okubangela ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwamavalvu ne-piston.
Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okungajwayelekile: Uma kungekho ukuvuza okusobala kukawoyela wangaphandle, izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha futhi lidinga ukuphinda kugcwaliswe njalo, okuwubufakazi obuqondile bokuguguleka kwangaphakathi okubangela ukusha kukawoyela. Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini: Ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi okweqile (njengokuguguleka kwamabhere, ukubanjwa kwesilinda) noma ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokupholisa (njengokuguguleka kwe-water pump drive) okuvimbela ukuthi lusebenze kahle kuholela ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi.
La maphutha avame ukubangelwa yizici ezifana nokuntuleka kokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphansi, izinkinga zesistimu yokupholisa, noma ukusebenza ngokweqile komthwalo wenjini. Uma lezi zimpawu sezivele, ikakhulukazi imisindo eqhubekayo yokungqongqoza, ukuthuthumela okukhulu, noma ukukhishwa kwentuthu emnyama, umuntu kufanele ayeke ngokushesha ukushayela futhi afune ukulungiswa kochwepheshe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi injini iphele.
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