Ipani lamafutha.
Ipani likawoyela liyingxenye engezansi ye-crankcase, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crankcase engezansi. Umsebenzi ukuvala i-crankcase njengegobolondo lethangi lokugcina uwoyela, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni, nokuqoqa nokugcina uwoyela wokugcoba ogeleza usuka ebusweni bokungqubuzana kwenjini kadizili, ukucisha ukushisa okuthile, nokuvimbela ukuminyana kwamafutha okugcoba.
I-Oil Sump itholakala ngaphansi kwenjini: iyasuswa futhi ivala i-crankcase njengendawo yokugcina ithangi likawoyela. Ipani likawoyela lenziwe kakhulu nge-stamping yepuleti lensimbi elincane, futhi isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokuvamile siyinsimbi ecijile noma i-aluminium alloy. I-oil stabilizer baffle yayo yangaphakathi ifakwa ukuze kugwenywe ukushaqeka kobuso bawoyela okubangelwa ukuchitheka kwenjini kadizili, okusiza ekungeneni kokungcola kukawoyela okugcobayo, futhi uhlangothi lufakwe i-gauge kawoyela ukuhlola inani likawoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ephansi kakhulu yephansi lepani likawoyela iphinde ifakwe ipulaki yokukhipha uwoyela.
uhlobo olumanzi
Iningi lezimoto ezimakethe ziyi-wet oil sump, isizathu sokuthi iqanjwe ngokuthi i-wet oil sump kungenxa yokuthi i-crankshaft crank kanye ne-connecting rod head yenjini kuzocwiliswa ku-lubricating oil ye-oil sump njalo uma kujikelezwa i-crankshaft, kudlala indima yokugcoba, futhi ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-crankshaft okusheshayo, isikhathi ngasinye i-crank icwiliswa echibini lamafutha ngesivinini esikhulu, izovusa izimbali ezithile zamafutha kanye ne-oil mist. Ukugcoba i-crankshaft kanye ne-bearing kubizwa ngokuthi i-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, ukuphakama kwezinga loketshezi kwamafutha okugcoba epanini lamafutha kunezidingo ezithile, uma kuphansi kakhulu, i-crankshaft crank kanye ne-connecting rod head ayikwazi ukucwiliswa ku-lubricating oil, okuholela ekushodeni kokugcoba kanye ne-crankshaft ebushelelezi kanye ne-connecting rod kanye ne-bearing shell; Uma izinga likawoyela wokugcoba liphezulu kakhulu, lizoholela ekucwilisweni kwamabhereyitha wonke, ukuze ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kukhuphuke, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini, kuyilapho uwoyela wokugcoba kulula ukungena ekamelweni lokushisa lesilinda, okuholela ekushisweni kukawoyela wenjini, ukuqongelela kwekhabhoni ye-spark plug kanye nezinye izinkinga.
Le ndlela yokugcoba ilula ngesakhiwo futhi ayidingi elinye ithangi likaphethiloli, kodwa ukuthambekela kwemoto akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobangela ingozi yesilinda evuthayo ngenxa yokuphuka kukawoyela nokuvuza kukawoyela.
uhlobo olomile
Ama-dry sump asetshenziswa ezinjinini eziningi zezimoto zomjaho. Ayigcini uwoyela epanini likawoyela, noma ngokunembile, ayikho ipanini likawoyela. Lezi zindawo zokungqubuzana ezihambayo e-crankcase zigcotshwa ngokucindezela uwoyela ngembobo yokulinganisa. Ngenxa yokuthi injini yepani likawoyela elomile ikhansela umsebenzi wepani likawoyela wokugcina uwoyela, ukuphakama kwepani likawoyela ongahluziwe kuncishisiwe kakhulu, ukuphakama kwenjini nakho kuncishisiwe, futhi inzuzo yesikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi ilungele ukulawula. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukugwema ukwenzeka kwepani likawoyela elimanzi ngenxa yokushayela ngamandla nazo zonke izinhlobo zezehlakalo ezimbi.
Kodwa-ke, ngoba ingcindezi yamafutha okugcoba ivela kupompo yamafutha. Amandla epompo yamafutha axhunywe yigiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nakuba kusenjinini ye-sump emanzi nakuba ipompo yamafutha nayo iyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukugcotshwa kwengcindezi ye-camshaft. Kodwa lokhu kucindezela kuncane kakhulu, futhi ipompo yamafutha idinga amandla amancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinjinini zepani yamafutha elomile, amandla alokhu kugcotshwa kwengcindezi kudingeka abe makhulu kakhulu. Futhi usayizi wepompo yamafutha mkhulu kakhulu kunowenjini yepani yamafutha emanzi. Ngakho-ke kulokhu ipompo yamafutha idinga amandla engeziwe. Lokhu kufana nenjini eshajelwe kakhulu, ipompo yamafutha idinga ukudla ingxenye yamandla enjini. Ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu, isivinini senjini siyanda, ukuqina kokunyakaza kwezingxenye zokungqubuzana kuyanda, futhi namafutha okugcoba nawo ayadingeka, ngakho ipompo yamafutha idinga ukunikeza ingcindezi enkulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft kuyaqiniswa.
Ngokusobala, umklamo onjalo awufanele izinjini zezimoto ezivamile, ngoba udinga ukulahlekelwa yingxenye yamandla enjini, okungeke kuthinte kuphela ukuphuma kwamandla, kodwa futhi okungasizi ekuthuthukiseni umnotho. Ngakho-ke ama-dry sump atholakala kuphela ezinjinini ezifudukayo noma ezinamandla aphezulu, njengalezo ezakhelwe ukushayela ngamandla. Isibonelo, i-Lamborghini ukusetshenziswa komklamo wepani likawoyela owomile, ngakho-ke, ukwandisa umkhawulo womphumela wokugcoba nokuthola isikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kungenziwa ngokwandisa ukufuduka nezinye izici, ngokuqondene nomnotho, ingabe le modeli akudingeki icatshangelwe.
Iphampu yokujova uphethiloli iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli yejenereyitha kadizili. Isimo sayo sokusebenza sithinta ngqo amandla, ukonga kanye nokuthembeka kwejenereyitha kadizili. Ukugcinwa okufanele kuyimfuneko ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwephampu yokujova uphethiloli nokwandisa isikhathi sayo sokusebenza. "Izinto eziyishumi" ezilandelayo zikufundisa ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani iphampu yokujova yejenereyitha kadizili:
Okokuqala, ukugcina kahle izesekeli zephampu yomjovo.
Isembozo sephampu eseceleni, i-dipstick, ipulaki likaphethiloli (imishini yokuphefumula), ivalvu yokugcwala uwoyela, ipulaki yechibi likaphethiloli, isikulufu sendiza kaphethiloli, ibholidi lokulungisa iphampu kaphethiloli, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayiphazamiseki, lezi zesekeli zidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wephampu yokufaka uphethiloli. Isibonelo, isembozo secala singavimbela ukungena kothuli, amanzi nokunye ukungcola, umshini wokuphefumula (onesihlungi) ungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kukaphethiloli, kanti ivalvu yokugcwala uwoyela iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lukaphethiloli lunengcindezi ethile ngaphandle kokungena emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwalezi zesekeli, futhi uthole ukuthi umonakalo noma ukulahleka kufanele kulungiswe noma kushintshwe ngesikhathi.
Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo ukuthi inani likawoyela echibini likawoyela elisebenzisa ipompo yokujova uphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi yalo kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo.
Isikhathi ngasinye ngaphambi kokuqala ijenereyitha yedizili kufanele ihlole inani lamafutha epompo yokujova kanye nekhwalithi yawo (ngaphandle kwepompo yokujova ephoqelekile ukugcotshwa yinjini), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamafutha lanele futhi ikhwalithi ilungile, uma uwoyela wonakala ngenxa yokuxubana namanzi noma idizili, ukukhanya kuzobangela ukuguguleka kwasekuqaleni kwe-plunger kanye ne-valve yokuphuma kwamafutha, okuholela emandleni anganele enjini yedizili futhi kube nzima ukuyiqala. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzobangela ukugqwala nokugqwala kwe-plunger kanye ne-valve yokuphuma kwamafutha. Ngenxa yokuvuza epompo yamafutha, ukusebenza kabi kwevalve yokuphuma kwamafutha, ukuguguleka kwe-tappet kanye negobolondo lepompo yamafutha, kanye nomonakalo wendandatho yokuvala, uwoyela wedizili uzovuza echibini lamafutha futhi unciphise uwoyela, ngakho-ke kufanele ushintshwe ngesikhathi ngokwekhwalithi yamafutha, futhi ichibi lamafutha kufanele lihlanzwe kahle lapho lishintshwa, futhi ukungcola okunjengodaka phansi kwechibi lamafutha kuzosuswa, ngaphandle kwalokho uwoyela uzowohloka ngesikhathi esifushane. Inani lamafutha alikwazi ukuba liningi kakhulu noma lincane kakhulu, uphethiloli omningi kakhulu ku-governor, kulula ukuholela enjinini yedizili "endizayo", uphethiloli omncane kakhulu uzokwenza ukuthambisa okubi, kufanele kusekelwe ku-ruler kawoyela noma ku-screw yendiza kawoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma injini yedizili ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi kukhona yini amanzi, uphethiloli nokunye ukungcola echibini likawoyela lepompo kawoyela, uma kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokugcina isikhathi eside, amanzi kulula ukwenza i-plunger, izingxenye ze-valve kawoyela zigqwale futhi zife.
Okwesithathu, kufanele sihlole njalo futhi silungise ukutholakala kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye sephampu yokujova.
Ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-plunger coupling kanye ne-oil valve coupling, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwedizili kuzokwenza ukuthi ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye kwehle noma kungalingani, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuqala injini yedizili, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kanye nokungazinzi kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo nokulungisa ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye sephampu yokujova ukuqinisekisa amandla enjini yedizili. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, inani likawoyela elinikezwa yi-cylinder ngayinye linganqunywa ngokubuka intuthu yokukhipha yejenereyitha yedizili, ukulalela umsindo wenjini, kanye nokuthinta izinga lokushisa le-exhaust manifold.
Okwesine, ukusebenzisa amapayipi ajwayelekile anomfutho ophezulu.
Ipompo yokufaka uphethiloli enqubweni yokuphakelwa kukawoyela, ngenxa yokucindezelwa kukawoyela wedizili, ukuqina kwamapayipi anengcindezi ephezulu, idizili enengcindezi ephezulu izokwakha ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi epayipini, ukudluliselwa kwamagagasi engcindezi epayipini kuthatha isikhathi esithile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphakelwa kukawoyela wesilinda I-engela iyahambisana, ukuphakelwa kukawoyela kuyafana, injini yedizili isebenza kahle, ubude nobubanzi bamapayipi anengcindezi ephezulu kukhethwa ngemuva kokubalwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho amapayipi anengcindezi ephezulu esilinda onakele, amapayipi anobude nobubanzi obujwayelekile kufanele ashintshwe. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamapayipi ajwayelekile, sebenzisa amanye amapayipi esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi ubude bepayipi nobubanzi bepayipi buyafana yini, ukuze ubude bepayipi nobubanzi bepayipi buhluke kakhulu, yize bungasetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo, kodwa kuzoholela ekushintsheni kwe-engela yokuphakelwa kukawoyela kanye nenani lokuphakelwa kukawoyela kwesilinda kusengaphambili, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungalingani komshini wonke, ngakho-ke ekusetshenzisweni kumele kusetshenziswe amapayipi anengcindezi ephezulu ejwayelekile.
Okwesihlanu, ukuhlola njalo ukuvalwa kwe-valve coupling.
Iphampu yokujova isebenza isikhathi esithile, futhi ngokuhlola isimo sokuvala sevalvu kawoyela, ukuguguleka kwe-plunger kanye nesimo sokusebenza sephampu kawoyela kungahlulelwa ngokujulile, okusiza ekunqumeni indlela yokulungisa nokulungisa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, vula i-tube joint enomfutho ophezulu wesilinda ngasinye bese upompa uwoyela ngephampu yesandla yephampu kawoyela, ukuze kube nokugeleza kukawoyela ephuma e-tube joint phezulu kwephampu yokujova, okubonisa ukuthi uphawu lwe-valve kawoyela alulungile (vele, njengoba intwasahlobo ye-valve kawoyela iphukile), njengesimo sokuvala esibi samasilinda amaningi, kufanele ulungise kahle futhi ulondoloze iphampu yokujova bese ushintsha i-couple.
Sicela usishayele ucingo uma udinga usizoimikhiqizo ye-ch.
I-Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. izibophezele ekuthengiseni izingxenye zezimoto ze-MG&MAUXS futhi wamukelekile ukuzithenga.
