Ipani lamafutha.
Ipani likawoyela liyingxenye engezansi ye-crankcase, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crankcase engezansi. Umsebenzi ukuvala i-crankcase njengegobolondo lethangi lokugcina uwoyela, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni, futhi kuqoqe futhi kugcinwe uwoyela wokugcoba ogeleza usuka endaweni engqubuzanayo yenjini kadizili, ukushabalalisa okunye ukushisa, futhi kuvimbele ukugcotshwa kwe-oxidation kawoyela wokugcoba.
I-Oil Sump itholakala ngaphansi kwenjini: iyakhipheka futhi ivala i-crankcase njengendawo yokuhlala ethangini likawoyela. Ipani likawoyela lenziwa kakhulu ngezigxivizo zepuleti lensimbi elincanyana, futhi ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile kuyinsimbi esakhiwe noma ingxubevange ye-aluminium. I-oil stabilizer baffle yangaphakathi ifakwe ukuze kugwenywe ukushaqeka kwendawo kawoyela okubangelwa ukuvunguza kwenjini ka-diesel, okuvumela ukuduma kokungcola kwamafutha okugcoba, kanti uhlangothi lufakwe igeji likawoyela ukuhlola inani likawoyela. Ukwengeza, ingxenye ephansi ye-pan yamafutha nayo ifakwe ipulaki yokudonsa amafutha.
uhlobo olumanzi
Iningi lezimoto emakethe i-oil sump emanzi, isizathu esenza ukuthi iqanjwe ngokuthi i-wet oil sump yingoba i-crankshaft crank kanye nekhanda le-rod yokuxhuma izocwiliswa emafutheni okugcoba e-oil sump kanye njalo ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, idlala indima yokugcoba, futhi ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokusebenza kwe-crankshaft, i-crankshaft isebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu, isivinini ngasinye sisebenza ku-crankshaft. vusa izimbali ezithile zamafutha kanye nenkungu yamafutha. Ukugcotshwa kwe-crankshaft kanye ne-bearing kubizwa ngokuthi i-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, ukuphakama kwezinga le-liquid lamafutha okugcoba epanini likawoyela kunezidingo ezithile, uma iphansi kakhulu, i-crankshaft crank kanye nekhanda lenduku yokuxhuma ayikwazi ukucwiliswa emafutheni okugcoba, okuholela ekuntulekeni kokugcoba kanye ne-crankshaft ebushelelezi kanye nenduku yokuxhuma kanye negobolondo elithwala; Uma izinga likawoyela wokugcoba liphezulu kakhulu, lizoholela ekucwilisweni okuphelele, ukuze ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kukhule, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini, kuyilapho uwoyela wokugcoba kulula ukungena egumbini lomlilo le-cylinder, okuholela ekushiseni kwamafutha enjini, ukunqwabelana kwe-spark plug carbon nezinye izinkinga.
Le ndlela yokugcoba ilula ngesakhiwo futhi ayidingi elinye ithangi likaphethiloli, kodwa ukutsheka kwemoto akukwazi ukuba kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodala ingozi ye-cylinder evuthayo ngenxa yokuphuka kwamafutha nokuvuza kwamafutha.
uhlobo olomile
Ama-dry sumps asetshenziswa ezinjinini eziningi zezimoto zomjaho. Ayigcini amafutha epanini likawoyela, noma ngokunembile, alikho ipani lamafutha. Lezi zindawo zokungqubuzana ezihambayo ku-crankcase zigcotshwa ngokucindezela kuphume uwoyela ngembobo yemitha. Ngenxa yokuthi injini eyomile yamafutha e-pan ikhansela umsebenzi we-pan kawoyela ukugcina uwoyela, ukuphakama kwe-pan kawoyela ongahluziwe kuncipha kakhulu, ukuphakama kwenjini nakho kuncishisiwe, futhi inzuzo yesikhungo esiphansi sokudonsela phansi isiza ukulawula. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukugwema ukuvela kwe-pan kawoyela emanzi lezo ngenxa yokushayela kakhulu kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo ezimbi.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kwamafutha okugcoba konke kuvela empompini yamafutha. Amandla wephampu kawoyela axhunywe igiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nakuba enjini ye-sump emanzi nakuba iphampu kawoyela nayo iyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe i-pressure lubrication ye-camshaft. Kodwa lokhu kucindezela kuncane kakhulu, futhi iphampu kawoyela idinga amandla amancane kakhulu. Nokho, ezinjinini zikawoyela ezomile, amandla alokhu kugcotshwa kwengcindezi kumele abe mkhulu kakhulu. Futhi ubukhulu bephampu kawoyela bukhulu kakhulu kunenjini ye-pan kawoyela emanzi. Ngakho kulokhu ipompo likawoyela lidinga amandla engeziwe. Lokhu kufana nenjini eshajwe kakhulu, iphampu kawoyela idinga ukusebenzisa ingxenye yamandla enjini. Ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu, ijubane lenjini liyakhula, ukuqina kokunyakaza kwezingxenye zokungqubuzana kuyanda, namafutha okugcoba nawo ayadingeka, ngakho-ke iphampu kawoyela idinga ukunikeza ukucindezela okukhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft kuyaqina.
Ngokusobala, umklamo onjalo awufaneleki ezinjini zezimoto ezivamile, ngoba udinga ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yamandla enjini, okungeke kuthinte amandla okukhipha amandla kuphela, kodwa futhi akusizi ukuthuthukisa umnotho. Ngakho-ke ama-dry sumps atholakala kuphela ezinjinini ezihamba phambili noma ezinamandla amakhulu, njengalezo ezakhelwe ukushayela kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Lamborghini ukusetshenziswa uwoyela eyomile design pan, ngoba, ukwandisa umkhawulo umphumela Lubrication futhi uthole isikhungo ephansi amandla adonsela phansi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa amandla kungenziwa ngokwandisa displacement kanye nezinye izici, njengoba for umnotho, ingabe le modeli ayidingi ukucabangela.
Iphampu yomjovo kaphethiloli iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuphakela uphethiloli yejeneretha yedizili. Isimo sayo sokusebenza sithinta ngqo amandla, umnotho kanye nokuthembeka kwejeneretha yedizili. Ukugcinwa okulungile kuyisidingo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwephampu yomjovo kaphethiloli nokwelula impilo yayo yesevisi. Lezi "elementi eziyishumi" ezilandelayo zikufundisa indlela yokulondoloza iphampu yomjovo wejeneretha yedizili:
Okokuqala, ukugcina izesekeli zepompo yomjovo ngendlela efanele.
Isembozo eseceleni sephampu, i-dipstick, ipulaki likaphethiloli (imishini yokuphefumula), i-valve echichimayo kawoyela, ipulaki yechibi likawoyela, isikulufu sendiza kawoyela, ibhawodi lokulungisa iphampu kawoyela, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zinjalo, lezi zinsiza zidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wephampu yomjovo kaphethiloli. Isibonelo, isembozo eseceleni singavimbela ukungena kothuli, amanzi nokunye ukungcola, ukuphefumula (okunesihlungi) kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuwohloka kwamafutha, futhi i-valve yokuchichima kwamafutha iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lukaphethiloli lunokucindezela okuthile ngaphandle kokungena emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwalezi zesekeli, futhi uthole ukuthi umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa kufanele kulungiswe noma kushintshwe ngesikhathi.
Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo ukuthi inani lamafutha echibini likawoyela wepompo lomjovo kaphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi yalo lihlangabezana nezidingo.
Isikhathi ngasinye ngaphambi kokuqala i-generator diesel kufanele ihlole inani lamafutha empompini yomjovo kanye nekhwalithi yayo (ngaphandle kwepompo yomjovo ephoqeleka ukuba igcotshwe injini), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani likawoyela lanele futhi izinga lihle, uma uwoyela uwohloka ngenxa yokuxutshwa kwamanzi noma udizili, ukukhanya kuzobangela ukuguga kokuqala kwe-plunger kanye ne-valve yamafutha okukhipha i-diesel kanye ne-valve enzima yokukhipha udizili. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzodala ukugqwala nokugqwala kwe-plunger kanye nevalve yokukhipha uwoyela. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwephampu kawoyela, ukusebenza kabi kwe-valve yokukhipha uwoyela, ukugqokwa kwe-tappet kanye negobolondo lepompo likawoyela, kanye nokulimala kwendandatho yokuvala, uwoyela we-diesel uzovuza echibini likawoyela futhi anciphise uwoyela, ngakho-ke kufanele ashintshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokwekhwalithi yamafutha, futhi ichibi likawoyela kufanele lihlanzwe kahle lapho kukhishwa imfucumfucu, ngaphandle kwalokho i-pool izosuswa esikhundleni, futhi i-pool yamafutha izosuswa. amafutha azowohloka ngesikhathi esifushane. Inani lamafutha alikwazi ukuba kakhulu noma lincane kakhulu, uphethiloli omningi kumbusi, kulula ukuholela enjini ye-diesel "endizayo", uphethiloli omncane kakhulu uzokwenza ukugcotshwa okumpofu, kufanele kusekelwe kumbusi wamafutha noma isikulufa sendiza yamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho injini ye-diesel ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi kukhona yini amanzi, idizili kanye nokunye ukungcola echibini lamafutha wepompo likawoyela, uma kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside, kulula ukwenza i-plunger amanzi, i-valve yamafutha ehlanganisa izingxenye zigxume futhi zife.
Okwesithathu, kufanele sihlole njalo futhi silungise ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye sephampu yomjovo.
Ngenxa yokuguga kwe-plunger coupling kanye nokuhlangana kwe-valve kawoyela, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kukadizili kuzodala ukuthi ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye kwehle noma kungalingani, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuqalisa injini kadizili, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kanye nokuntengantenga kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo futhi ulungise ukunikezwa kwamafutha we-cylinder ngayinye yepompo yomjovo ukuqinisekisa amandla enjini ye-diesel. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, inani likawoyela elinikezwa isilinda ngalinye linganqunywa ngokubheka intuthu ephumayo yejeneretha likadizili, ukulalela umsindo wenjini, nokuthinta izinga lokushisa eliphindwe kaningi le-exhaust.
Okwesine, ukusebenzisa amashubhu ajwayelekile omfutho ophezulu.
Iphampu yomjovo kawoyela enqubweni yokunikezwa kukawoyela, ngenxa yokucindezelwa kukawoyela wedizili, ukunwebeka kweshubhu enengcindezi ephezulu, udizili onengcindezi ephezulu izodala ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi epayipini, ukudluliswa kwegagasi lokucindezela epayipini kuthatha isikhathi esithile, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-cylinder uwoyela we-Angle ayiguquguquki, ukunikezwa kukawoyela kufana, udizili okhethiwe ubude bushelelezi, ubude benjini yokucindezela busebenza kahle, ubude be-dizeli busebenza kahle. ukubala. Ngakho-ke, lapho ishubhu ye-high-pressure yesilinda yonakalisiwe, ishubhu enobude obujwayelekile nobubanzi kufanele ishintshwe. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamashubhu ajwayelekile, sebenzisa amanye amashubhu esikhundleni sokubheka ukuthi ubude beshubhu nobubanzi bepayipi kuyefana yini, ukuze ubude beshubhu nobubanzi bepayipi kuhluke kakhulu, nakuba kungasetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo, kodwa kuzoholela ekushintsheni kwe-Angle yokuhlinzeka uwoyela kanye nenani lokunikezwa kukawoyela komshini wokuthungatha kufanele kusetshenziswe izinga lonke ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke umphumela kufanele usetshenziswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. ishubhu ephezulu yokucindezela.
Eyesihlanu, ukuhlola njalo ukuvalwa kokuhlangana kwe-valve.
Iphampu yomjovo isebenza isikhathi esithile, futhi ngokuhlola isimo sokuvala i-valve kawoyela, ukuguga kwe-plunger kanye nesimo sokusebenza sephampu kawoyela kungahlulelwa cishe, okuhambisana nokunquma indlela yokulungisa nokulungisa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, qaqa ishubhu elinomfutho ophezulu we-high-pressure we-cylinder ngayinye kanye namafutha wepompo ngepompo yesandla yepompo kawoyela, ukuze kube nokugeleza kwamafutha aphuma endaweni ehlangene yeshubhu phezulu kwepompo yomjovo, okubonisa ukuthi uphawu lwe-valve kawoyela alulungile (impela, njengesiphethu se-valve kawoyela siphukile), njengokuthi into engasebenzi kahle yophawu lwephampu kawoyela, umjovo wephampu kufanele umiselele umjovo omningi futhi ubambe kahle umjovo.
Sicela usishayele uma udinga such imikhiqizo.
UZhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni izingxenye zezimoto ze-MG&MAUXS wamukelekile ukuzithenga.
