Ipani lamafutha.
Ipani likawoyela liyingxenye engezansi ye-crankcase, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crankcase engezansi. Umsebenzi ukuvala i-crankcase njengegobolondo lethangi lokugcina uwoyela, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni, futhi kuqoqwe futhi kugcinwe uwoyela wokugcoba ogeleza usuka endaweni eshayisanayo yenjini kadizili, kushabalalise ukushisa okuthile, futhi kuvimbele ukugcwala kwe-oxidation kawoyela wokugcoba. .
I-Oil Sump itholakala ngaphansi kwenjini: iyakhipheka futhi ivala i-crankcase njengendawo yokuhlala ethangini likawoyela. Ipani likawoyela lenziwa kakhulu ngezigxivizo zepuleti lensimbi elincanyana, futhi ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile kuyinsimbi esakhiwe noma ingxubevange ye-aluminium. I-oil stabilizer baffle yangaphakathi ifakwe ukuze kugwenywe ukushaqeka kwendawo kawoyela okubangelwa ukuvunguza kwenjini ka-diesel, okuvumela ukuduma kokungcola kwamafutha okugcoba, kanti uhlangothi lufakwe igeji likawoyela ukuhlola inani likawoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ephansi ye-pan kawoyela nayo ifakwe ipulaki yokudonsa uwoyela.
uhlobo olumanzi
Iningi lezimoto emakethe i-oil sump emanzi, isizathu esenza iqanjwe ngokuthi i-wet oil sump yingoba i-crankshaft crank kanye nekhanda lenjini elixhumayo lizocwiliswa emafutheni okugcoba e-oil sump kanye njalo ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. , idlala indima yokugcoba, futhi ngenxa yokusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kwe-crankshaft, isikhathi ngasinye lapho i-crank icwiliswa echibini likawoyela ngesivinini esikhulu, vusa izimbali ezithile zamafutha kanye nenkungu yamafutha. Ukugcotshwa kwe-crankshaft kanye ne-bearing kubizwa ngokuthi i-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, ukuphakama kwezinga le-liquid lamafutha okugcoba epanini likawoyela kunezidingo ezithile, uma kuphansi kakhulu, i-crankshaft crank kanye nekhanda lenduku yokuxhuma ayikwazi ukucwiliswa emafutheni okugcoba, okuholela ekuntulekeni kokugcotshwa kanye ne-crankshaft ebushelelezi futhi induku yokuxhuma kanye negobolondo elithwala; Uma izinga lamafutha okugcoba liphezulu kakhulu, lizoholela ekucwilisweni okuphelele, ukuze ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kukhuphuke, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini, kuyilapho uwoyela wokugcoba kulula ukungena egumbini lomlilo le-cylinder, okuholela ekutheni ukushiswa kwamafutha enjini, ukunqwabelana kwe-spark plug carbon nezinye izinkinga.
Le ndlela yokugcoba ilula ngesakhiwo futhi ayidingi elinye ithangi likaphethiloli, kodwa ukutsheka kwemoto akukwazi ukuba kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodala ingozi ye-cylinder evuthayo ngenxa yokuphuka kwamafutha nokuvuza kwamafutha.
uhlobo olomile
Ama-dry sumps asetshenziswa ezinjinini eziningi zezimoto zomjaho. Ayigcini amafutha epanini likawoyela, noma ngokunembile, alikho ipani lamafutha. Lezi zindawo zokungqubuzana ezihambayo ku-crankcase zigcotshwa ngokucindezela kuphume uwoyela ngembobo yemitha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-pan kawoyela eyomile ikhansela umsebenzi wepani yamafutha ukugcina uwoyela, ukuphakama kwepani likawoyela ongahluziwe kuncipha kakhulu, ukuphakama kwenjini nakho kuncishisiwe, futhi inzuzo yesikhungo esiphansi sokudonsela phansi isiza ukulawula. . Inzuzo eyinhloko ukugwema ukuvela kwe-pan kawoyela emanzi lezo ngenxa yokushayela kakhulu kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo ezimbi.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kwamafutha okugcoba konke kuvela empompini yamafutha. Amandla wephampu kawoyela axhunywe igiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nakuba enjini ye-sump emanzi nakuba iphampu kawoyela nayo iyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe i-pressure lubrication ye-camshaft. Kodwa lokhu kucindezela kuncane kakhulu, futhi iphampu kawoyela idinga amandla amancane kakhulu. Nokho, ezinjinini zikawoyela ezomile, amandla alokhu kugcotshwa kwengcindezi kumele abe mkhulu kakhulu. Futhi ubukhulu bephampu kawoyela bukhulu kakhulu kunenjini ye-pan kawoyela emanzi. Ngakho kulokhu ipompo likawoyela lidinga amandla engeziwe. Lokhu kufana nenjini eshajwe kakhulu, iphampu kawoyela idinga ukusebenzisa ingxenye yamandla enjini. Ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu, ijubane lenjini liyakhula, ukuqina kokunyakaza kwezingxenye zokungqubuzana kuyanda, namafutha okugcoba nawo ayadingeka, ngakho-ke iphampu kawoyela idinga ukunikeza ukucindezela okukhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft kuyaqina.
Ngokusobala, umklamo onjalo awufaneleki ezinjini zezimoto ezivamile, ngoba udinga ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yamandla enjini, okungeke kuthinte amandla okukhipha amandla kuphela, kodwa futhi akusizi ukuthuthukisa umnotho. Ngakho-ke ama-dry sumps atholakala kuphela ezinjinini ezihamba phambili noma ezinamandla amakhulu, njengalezo ezakhelwe ukushayela kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-Lamborghini ukusetshenziswa kwe-design kawoyela omile, ngoba, ukwandisa umkhawulo womphumela wokugcoba futhi uthole isikhungo esiphansi sokudonsela phansi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kungenziwa ngokwandisa ukufuduka nezinye izici. , ngokuqondene nomnotho, le modeli ayidingi ukucabangela.
Iphampu yomjovo kaphethiloli iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuphakela uphethiloli yejeneretha yedizili. Isimo sayo sokusebenza sithinta ngqo amandla, umnotho kanye nokuthembeka kwejeneretha yedizili. Ukugcinwa okulungile kuyisidingo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwephampu yomjovo kaphethiloli nokwelula impilo yayo yesevisi. Lezi "elementi eziyishumi" ezilandelayo zikufundisa indlela yokulondoloza iphampu yomjovo wejeneretha yedizili:
Okokuqala, ukugcina izesekeli zepompo yomjovo ngendlela efanele.
Ikhava yephampu eseceleni, i-dipstick, ipulaki likaphethiloli (imishini yokuphefumula), i-valve echichimayo kawoyela, ipulaki yephuli kawoyela, isikulufu sendiza kawoyela, ibhawodi lokulungisa iphampu kawoyela, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azishintshile, lezi zinsiza zidlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini womjovo kaphethiloli. futha. Isibonelo, isembozo eseceleni singavimbela ukungena kothuli, amanzi nokunye ukungcola, ukuphefumula (okunesihlungi) kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuwohloka kwamafutha, futhi i-valve yokuchichima kwamafutha iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lukaphethiloli lunokucindezela okuthile ngaphandle kokungena emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwalezi zesekeli, futhi uthole ukuthi umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa kufanele kulungiswe noma kushintshwe ngesikhathi.
Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo ukuthi inani lamafutha echibini lamafutha epompo lomjovo kaphethiloli kanye nekhwalithi yalo liyahlangabezana nezidingo.
Isikhathi ngasinye ngaphambi kokuqala i-generator diesel kufanele ihlole inani lamafutha empompini yomjovo kanye nekhwalithi yayo (ngaphandle kwepompo yomjovo ephoqeleka ukuba igcotshwe injini), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamafutha lanele futhi ikhwalithi ilungile. kuhle, uma uwoyela uwohloka ngenxa yokuxutshwa namanzi noma udizili, ukukhanya kuzobangela ukuguga kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-plunger kanye ne-valve yokukhipha uwoyela, okuholela ekubeni namandla anganele enjini kadizili futhi kube nzima ukuyiqalisa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzodala ukugqwala nokugqwala kwe-plunger kanye nevalve yokukhipha uwoyela. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwepompo likawoyela, ukusebenza kabi kwe-valve yokukhipha uwoyela, ukuguga kwetappet negobolondo lepompo likawoyela, kanye nokulimala kwendandatho yokuvala, uwoyela wedizili uzovuzela echibini likawoyela futhi ahlambulule uwoyela, ngakho-ke kufanele kushintshwe ngesikhathi ngokwezinga lamafutha, futhi ichibi lamafutha kufanele lihlanzwe kahle lapho lishintshwa, futhi ukungcola okunjengodaka ngaphansi kwechibi lamafutha kuzosuswa, ngaphandle kwalokho. amafutha azowohloka ngesikhathi esifushane. Inani lamafutha angeke libe liningi kakhulu noma lincane kakhulu, uphethiloli omningi kumbusi, kulula ukuholela enjini ye-diesel "endizayo", uphethiloli omncane kakhulu uzokwenza ukugcotshwa okungalungile, kufanele kusekelwe kumbusi wamafutha noma isikulufu sendiza kawoyela. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho injini ye-diesel ingasetshenzisiwe isikhathi eside, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi kukhona yini amanzi, udizili nokunye ukungcola echibini lamafutha lepompo likawoyela, uma kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokugcinwa isikhathi eside. , amanzi kulula ukwenza i-plunger, i-valve yamafutha ehlanganisa izingxenye zigle futhi zife.
Okwesithathu, kufanele sihlole njalo futhi silungise ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye sephampu yomjovo.
Ngenxa yokuguga kwe-plunger coupling kanye nokuhlangana kwe-valve kawoyela, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kukadizili kuzodala ukuthi ukunikezwa kukawoyela kwesilinda ngasinye kwehle noma kungalingani, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuqalisa injini yedizili, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, nokuntengantenga kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo futhi ulungise ukunikezwa kwamafutha we-cylinder ngayinye yepompo yomjovo ukuqinisekisa amandla enjini ye-diesel. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, inani likawoyela elinikezwa isilinda ngalinye linganqunywa ngokubheka intuthu ephumayo yejeneretha likadizili, ukulalela umsindo wenjini, nokuthinta izinga lokushisa eliphindwe kaningi le-exhaust.
Okwesine, ukusebenzisa ishubhu evamile yokucindezela okuphezulu.
Iphampu yomjovo kawoyela enqubweni yokunikezwa kukawoyela, ngenxa yokucindezelwa kukawoyela wedizili, ukunwebeka kweshubhu enengcindezi ephezulu, udizili onengcindezi ephezulu uzodala ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi kushubhu, ukudluliswa kwegagasi lokucindezela epayipini kuthatha isikhathi esithile, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-Angle yokunikezwa kukawoyela yesilinda ayiguquguquki, ukunikezwa kukawoyela kufana, injini yedizili isebenza kahle, ubude nobubanzi beshubhu enengcindezi ephezulu kukhethwa ngemva kwalokho. ukubala. Ngakho-ke, lapho ishubhu ye-high-pressure yesilinda yonakalisiwe, ishubhu enobude obujwayelekile nobubanzi kufanele ishintshwe. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kweshubhu evamile, sebenzisa amanye amashubhu esikhundleni sokubheka ukuthi ubude beshubhu nobubanzi bepayipi kuyefana, ukuze ubude beshubhu nobubanzi bepayipi kuhluke kakhulu. , nakuba ingasetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo, kodwa kuzoholela ekushintsheni kwe-Angle yokuhlinzeka kawoyela kanye nenani lokuhlinzekwa kwamafutha e-cylinder kusengaphambili, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungalingani kwawo wonke umshini, ngakho-ke ekusetshenzisweni kufanele kusetshenziswe okujwayelekile. ishubhu ephezulu yokucindezela.
Eyesihlanu, ukuhlola njalo ukuvalwa kokuhlangana kwe-valve.
Iphampu yomjovo isebenza isikhathi esithile, futhi ngokuhlola isimo sokuvala i-valve kawoyela, ukuguga kwe-plunger kanye nesimo sokusebenza sephampu kawoyela kungahlulelwa cishe, okuhambisana nokunquma indlela yokulungisa nokulungisa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, qaqa ijoyinti leshubhu elinomfutho ophezulu we-cylinder ngayinye kanye namafutha ompompo ngepompo yesandla yepompo kawoyela, ukuze kube nokugeleza kukawoyela ephuma ejoyintini leshubhu phezulu kwepompo yomjovo, okubonisa ukuthi uwoyela i-valve seal ayilungile (impela, njengesiphethu se-valve kawoyela siphukile), njengokungalungi kophawu lwamasilinda amaningi, kufanele ulungise kahle futhi ulondoloze iphampu yomjovo bese ushintsha umbhangqwana.
Sicela usishayele uma udinga such imikhiqizo.
UZhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni izingxenye zezimoto ze-MG&MAUXS wamukelekile ukuzithenga.
