Uhlelo Lokubopha Olungakhiyi (i-ABS)
I-ABS ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obusekelwe kudivayisi evamile yamabhuleki, futhi iwuhlobo lohlelo lokulawula ukuphepha kwezimoto olunezinzuzo zokungasheleli kanye nokungakhiyi. Ibhuleki elingakhiyi empeleni uhlobo oluthuthukisiwe noma oluthuthukisiwe lwamabhuleki avamile.
Izinhlelo zokubhuleka ezivimbela ukukhiya zenzelwe ukuvimbela ukukhiya kwamabhuleki nokushelela kwamasondo lapho ukubhuleka kunzima noma ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezishelelayo, okwengeza ububanzi obukhulu bokuphepha ekushayeleni kwansuku zonke ngokuvimbela imoto ukuthi ingasheleli ngendlela eyingozi nokuvumela umshayeli ukuthi agcine ukulawula kokuqondisa lapho ezama ukuma. I-ABS ayigcini nje ngokuba nomsebenzi wokubhuleka wohlelo olujwayelekile lokubhuleka, kodwa futhi ingavimbela ukukhiya kwamasondo, ukuze imoto isakwazi ukujika ngaphansi kwesimo sokubhuleka, iqinisekise ukuzinza kwesiqondiso sokubhuleka semoto, futhi ivimbele ukuphambuka eceleni, iyithuluzi lokubhuleka elithuthuke kakhulu emotweni elinomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokubhuleka.
Uhlelo lokubhuleka oluvimbela ukukhiya luhloselwe ukuvimbela isondo ukuthi livalwe enkambisweni yokubhuleka, okungabangela: amandla okubhuleka emgwaqweni ayancipha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubhuleka kwehla; Kunciphisa impilo yesevisi yethayi, lapho imoto ibhuleka ukukhiya kwesondo langaphambili, imoto izolahlekelwa ikhono lokuqondisa, amandla aseceleni ayancipha lapho isondo langemuva likhiya, ukuzinza kwebhuleki eliqondisayo kuyancipha, okuzokwenza imoto ijike kakhulu futhi iphonse umsila noma uhlangothi. Umthelela wohlelo lokubhuleka oluvimbela ukukhiya ekusebenzeni kwemoto ubonakala kakhulu ekunciphiseni ibanga lokubhuleka, ukugcina ikhono lokuqondisa, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesiqondiso sokushayela kanye nokunciphisa ukuguguleka kwethayi. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, umshayeli udinga kuphela ukucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki ngamandla ngangokunokwenzeka futhi angayidedeli, kanti ezinye izinto ziphathwa yi-ABS, ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukugxila ekubhekaneni nesimo esiphuthumayo futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwemoto.
Isifinyezo sesistimu yokubhuleka evimbela ukukhiya yi-ABS, futhi igama eliphelele lesiNgisi yi-anti-lock Brakingsystem, noma i-Anti-skidBrakingSystem. Okokuqala, elithi "bamba" libhekisela kuphedi yebhuleki (noma isicathulo) kanye nediski yebhuleki (isigubhu sebhuleki) ngaphandle kokungqubuzana okushelelayo, ukushisa kokungqubuzana kwebhangqa lapho kubhuleka, amandla e-kinetic emoto abe ukushisa, bese ekugcineni kuvumele imoto ime noma yehlise ijubane; Okwesibili, ukukhiya kwesondo empeleni kubhekisela emotweni ekubhulekeni okuphuthumayo, isondo limile ngokuphelele futhi alijikelezi, libhekisela emotweni enqubweni yokubhuleka kanye, ithayi alisajikelezi, lapho imoto ibhuleka, imoto izonikeza isondo amandla ayenza ime, ukuze isondo lingakwazi ukuqhubeka lijikeleza, kodwa isondo line-inertia ethile, ngemva kokuba isondo liyekile ukujikeleza, Lizoqhubeka lishelele phambili ibanga elithile ngaphambi kokuba ekugcineni lime ngokuphelele. Uma amasondo angaphambili nangemuva emoto engekho emgqeni ofanayo oqondile, ngenxa ye-inertia, amasondo angaphambili nangemuva azoshelela ebheke emaceleni awo. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kokubhuleka komkhawulo wamathayi, ithayi alikwazi ukubamba eceleni uma ukubhuleka okuqondile kugcwele, futhi imoto kuzoba nzima ukuyiqeda noma yikuphi ukulawula eceleni. Ngale ndlela, amasondo angaphambili nangemuva azohamba ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene futhi imoto izoba nokubhonga okungalawuleki (ukujikeleza), futhi imoto izophonsa umsila wayo. Kulokhu, isiteringi semoto asinawo umthelela, imoto izolahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukulawula, uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi igumbuqe imoto, okubangela izingozi zomgwaqo nezinye izingozi.
Uma amabhuleki evalwe ngokuphelele, lokhu kuguqulwa kwamandla kungancika kuphela ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kwethayi nomhlabathi. Ukungqubuzana kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukungqubuzana kokugoqa kanye nokungqubuzana okushelelayo, i-coefficient yokungqubuzana incike ethonyeni lomswakama owomile emgwaqweni, lapho isondo lamabhuleki kanye nokungqubuzana komhlabathi kuzokhula kancane kancane, kube kukhulu kuze kube seqophelweni elibalulekile ngemva kokuthi kuzoshintsha kusuka ekungqubuzaneni okushelelayo kuya ekungqubuzaneni okushelelayo. Amandla okungqubuzana okushelelayo azoncipha kancane kancane, ngakho-ke i-ABS izosebenzisa isimiso sale curve yokungqubuzana ukulungisa amandla okungqubuzana kwesondo kulesi sikhundla, ukuze kuncishiswe ibanga lokubhuleka. Ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwenza irabha yethayi ibe nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuncibilika kwendawo ebusweni bokuthintana, kufinyeze ibanga lokubhuleka, kodwa uhlangothi luzosheshisa ukuguguleka.
Uhlelo Lokubhuleka Olungakhiyiwe (i-ABS) lungenye yezinto ezicwaningwayo zokulawula amandla emoto ajikelezayo. Ukubhuleka okungakhiyiwe, njengoba negama lisho, ukuvimbela imoto ukuthi ibhuleke kanye, kusetshenziswa ukubhuleka okungenazikhawu. Kubhekisela ekulungisweni okuzenzakalelayo kwe-torque yokubhuleka (amandla okubhuleka kwesondo) okusebenza esondweni ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhuleka ukuvimbela isondo ukuthi likhiyiwe lapho i-torque yokubhuleka inkulu; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwesimanje lwe-ABS lunganquma izinga lokushelela kwesondo ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi lugcine izinga lokushelela kwesondo ebhulekini liseduze nenani elifanele. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlelo lwe-ABS lusebenza, umshayeli ngeke alahlekelwe ukulawula ukuqondisa kwemoto ngenxa yokushelela kwesondo langaphambili, futhi ibanga lokushelela lemoto lizoba lincane kunelokukhiya kwesondo, ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle kokubhuleka okungcono kakhulu futhi kuncishiswe amandla okushaya lapho kwenzeka ingozi.
