Umgomo wokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamajeneretha ezimoto
Umgomo wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo wamajeneretha ezimoto ufeza kakhulu ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi ngokufakwa kwe-electromagnetic kanye nokulawulwa kwamanje kwensimu yamagnetic. Lokhu okulandelayo yindlela ethile:
Indlela yokulawula ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic
Ijenereyitha ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwamandla ngokwesidingo sikagesi. Uma amandla ebhethri enganele noma kusetshenziswa izinto zikagesi ezinamandla aphezulu, ijenereyitha ikhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngokuthuthukisa amandla kagesi kazibuthe. Uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, amandla kagesi kazibuthe ancishiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, okugcina isidingo sikagesi esiyisisekelo kuphela.
Isimiso sokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi
Ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kazibuthe ngokushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla kazibuthe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamandla okukhipha. Lapho ijubane lokujikeleza lomkhiqizi lishintsha, okubangela ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kazibuthe, umlawuli uthola isignali engavamile futhi alungise amandla kazibuthe ngokushintsha amandla okuvuselela, ngaleyo ndlela abuyisele amandla kazibuthe ebangeni elibekiwe. Isibonelo, lapho ijubane lokujikeleza landa, nciphisa amandla okuvuselela ukuze uvimbele ukudlula kwamandla kazibuthe; lapho ijubane lokujikeleza lehla, khulisa amandla okuvuselela ukuze ugcine ukuqina kwamandla kazibuthe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zabalawuli
Umlawuli we-relay we-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Ngokulawula ukuvulwa koxhumana nabo be-relay ukuze kulawulwe isekethe yensimu yamagnetic, kufezwa ukulawulwa kwe-voltage okuzenzakalelayo.
I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Abalawuli be-elekthronikhi (njengohlobo lwangaphakathi lokumisa/uhlobo lwangaphandle lokumisa): Basebenzisa izingxenye ezifana nama-transistors kanye nama-diode okuqinisa amandla kagesi ukulawula ugesi wamandla kazibuthe ngokusebenzisa isekethe evaliwe.
Lolu hlelo lungalinganisa kahle ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo sikagesi, lugweme ukumoshwa kwamandla futhi lwandise impilo yokusebenza kwemishini.
Ijeneretha yemoto ingumthombo wamandla oyinhloko wemoto. Umsebenzi wayo ukunikeza amandla kuwo wonke amadivayisi kagesi (ngaphandle kwesiqalisi) ngenkathi injini isebenza kahle, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ishaje ibhethri.
Ngokusekelwe ekugoqweni kwe-stator yezigaba ezintathu kwe-alternator evamile, inani lokujika kokugoqwa liyakhuphuka bese kuthi ama-terminal okuxhuma akhishwe, bese kufakwa isethi ye-rectifier yezigaba ezintathu. Ngesivinini esiphansi, ukugoqwa kokuqala kanye nokugoqwa okwengeziwe kukhishwa ngokulandelana, kanti ngesivinini esiphezulu, ukugoqwa kokuqala kwezigaba ezintathu kuphela okukhishwayo.
Umgomo wokusebenza we-alternator iyonke
Lapho isekethe yangaphandle inika amandla ukugoqana kwe-excitation ngebhulashi, kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic, okwenza izigxobo ze-claw zibe yizigxobo ze-N kanye nezigxobo ze-S. Lapho i-rotor ijikeleza, i-magnetic flux iyashintsha ngokushintshana kuma-stator windings. Ngokusho kwesimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, amandla e-electromotive abangelwa ukushintshana akhiqizwa kuma-windings ezigaba ezintathu ze-stator. Lesi yisimiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla se-alternator.
I-rotor yejeneretha ye-DC evuselelwe i-synchronous iqhutshwa yi-prime mover (okungukuthi, injini) ukuze ijikeleze ngesivinini se-n(rpm), kanti i-stator winding yezigaba ezintathu idala amandla kagesi ashintshanayo. Uma i-stator winding ixhunywe kumthwalo kagesi, injini izokhipha amandla ashintshanayo. Amandla kagesi ashintshanayo aguqulwa abe amandla aqondile ngebhuloho lokulungisa ngaphakathi kwejeneretha bese ephuma esigungwini sokukhipha.
I-alternator ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ukugoqa kwe-stator kanye nokugoqa kwe-rotor. Ukugoqa kwe-stator kwezigaba ezintathu kusatshalaliswa ku-casing nge-engela kagesi engama-degrees angu-120 komunye nomunye, kanti ukugoqa kwe-rotor kwakhiwe ngezinzipho ezimbili zezigxobo. Lapho ukugoqa kwe-rotor kuxhunywe ku-direct current, kuyavuselelwa, futhi izigxobo ezimbili zakha i-N pole kanye ne-S pole. Imigqa yamagnetic field iqala kusukela ku-N pole, idlule esikhaleni somoya iye enkabeni ye-stator bese ibuyela ku-S pole eseduze. Uma i-rotor ijikeleza, ukugoqa kwe-rotor kuzosika imigqa yamagnetic field, kukhiqize amandla e-sinusoidal electromotive ku-stator winding ahluka ngama-degrees angu-120 e-electrical degree, okungukuthi, i-three-phase alternating current, eguqulwa ibe yi-direct current output yi-rectifier element eyakhiwe ngama-diode.
Uma iswishi ivaliwe, ugesi uqala ukunikezwa yibhethri. Isekethe yile:
Itheminali yebhethri elungile → isibani senkomba yokushaja → ukuxhumana komlawuli → ukugoqa okuvusa inkanuko → ukumisa phansi → itheminali engalungile yebhethri. Kuleli qophelo, isibani senkomba yokushaja sizokhanya ngoba kukhona ugesi odlula kuso.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqala kwenjini, njengoba ijubane lokujikeleza kwejeneretha landa, i-voltage yokugcina yejeneretha nayo iyaqhubeka nokwenyuka. Lapho i-voltage yokuphuma yejeneretha ilingana neyebhethri, amandla kuma-terminal "B" kanye "D" ejeneretha ayafana. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhanya kwesibonakaliso sokushaja kuyacima ngenxa yomehluko we-potential ongekho phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili. Kubonisa ukuthi ijeneretha isebenza kahle futhi ugesi wokuvuselela unikezwa yijeneretha uqobo. Amandla e-electromotive alternating current anezigaba ezintathu akhiqizwa yi-twinding yezigaba ezintathu kujeneretha alungiswa yi-diode bese ekhipha ugesi oqondile ukuze anikeze amandla kumthwalo futhi ashaje ibhethri.
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