I-SAIC MAXUS V80 C00014713 Piston Ring-92MM ithengiswa ngqo efektri

Ulwazi lwemikhiqizo

Indandatho yePiston iyindandatho yensimbi esetshenziselwa ukufaka emseleni wepiston. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamasongo episton: indandatho yokucindezela kanye nendandatho kawoyela. Indandatho yokucindezela isetshenziselwa ukuvala ingxube evuthayo ekamelweni lokushisa; indandatho kawoyela isetshenziselwa ukuklwebha uwoyela owengeziwe kusilinda.

Indandatho yepiston iyindandatho yensimbi enwebekayo enokuguquguquka okukhulu kokunwebeka kwangaphandle, ehlanganiswa emseleni ohambisana nesigaba esiphambeneyo. Amasongo episton aphindaphindayo najikelezayo ancike ekwehlukeni kwengcindezi yegesi noma uketshezi ukuze akhe uphawu phakathi kobuso obungaphandle obuyindilinga bendandatho kanye nesilinda kanye nohlangothi olulodwa lwendandatho kanye nomsele wendandatho.

Amasongo e-piston asetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini ehlukahlukene yamandla, njengezinjini zomusi, izinjini zedizili, izinjini zikaphethiloli, ama-compressor, imishini ye-hydraulic, njll., futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni, ezitimeleni, emikhunjini, ezikebheni, njll. Ngokuvamile, indandatho ye-piston ifakwe emseleni wendandatho we-piston, futhi yakha igumbi eline-piston, i-cylinder liner, ikhanda lesilinda nezinye izingxenye zokwenza umsebenzi.

ukubaluleka

Indandatho yepiston iyisici esiyinhloko ngaphakathi kwenjini kaphethiloli, esiqedela ukuvalwa kwegesi kaphethiloli kanye nesilinda, i-piston, udonga lwesilinda, njll. Izinjini zezimoto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yizinjini zedizili nephethiloli. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhlukile kukaphethiloli, amasongo episton asetshenziswayo nawo ahlukile. Amasongo episton okuqala akhiwa ngokuthungwa, kodwa ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amasongo episton anamandla aphezulu azalwa. , futhi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komsebenzi wenjini kanye nezidingo zemvelo, izinhlelo ezahlukene zokwelapha ubuso obuphambili, njengokufutha ngokushisa, i-electroplating, i-chrome plating, i-gas nitriding, i-physical deposition, i-surface coating, i-zinc-manganese phosphating, njll., Umsebenzi wendandatho yepiston uthuthukiswa kakhulu.

Umsebenzi

Imisebenzi yendandatho yepiston ihlanganisa imisebenzi emine: ukuvala, ukulawula uwoyela (ukulawula uwoyela), ukuqhuba ukushisa (ukudlulisa ukushisa), kanye nokuqondisa (ukusekela). Ukuvala: kubhekisela ekuvaleni igesi, ukuvimbela igesi ekamelweni lokushisa ukuthi ingangeni e-crankcase, ukulawula ukuvuza kwegesi kube kuncane, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa. Ukuvuza komoya ngeke kunciphise amandla enjini kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzolimaza uwoyela, okuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wendandatho yomoya; Lungisa uwoyela (ukulawula uwoyela): susa uwoyela owengeziwe wokugcoba odongeni lwesilinda, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wenze udonga lwesilinda lube luncane. Ifilimu encane kawoyela iqinisekisa ukugcotshwa okuvamile kwesilinda, i-piston kanye nendandatho, okuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wendandatho kawoyela. Ezinjinini zesimanje ezinesivinini esikhulu, kugxilwa kakhulu endimeni yendandatho yepiston yokulawula ifilimu kawoyela; ukuqhuba ukushisa: ukushisa kwepiston kuqhutshwa ku-liner yesilinda ngendandatho yepiston, okungukuthi, ukupholisa. Ngokusho kwedatha ethembekile, u-70-80% wokushisa okutholwa ngenhla kwepiston ku-piston engapholi uhlakazeka ngendandatho yepiston uye odongeni lwesilinda, kanti u-30-40% wepiston epholisiweyo udluliselwa kusilinda ngendandatho yepiston Ukusekela: Indandatho yepiston igcina i-piston ku-cylinder, ivimbela i-piston ukuthi ingathinti ngqo odongeni lwesilinda, iqinisekisa ukunyakaza okubushelelezi kwepiston, inciphisa ukumelana kokungqubuzana, futhi ivimbela i-piston ukuthi ingashayi isilinda. Ngokuvamile, i-piston yenjini kaphethiloli isebenzisa amasongo omoya amabili kanye nendandatho kawoyela eyodwa, kanti injini yedizili ivame ukusebenzisa amasongo kawoyela amabili kanye nendandatho yomoya eyodwa. [2]

isici

amandla

Amandla asebenza eringini yepiston afaka phakathi umfutho wegesi, amandla okunwebeka eringini ngokwayo, amandla angenawo amandla okunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kweringini, ukungqubuzana phakathi kweringini nesilinda kanye nomsele weringini, njll. Ngenxa yala mandla, iringini izokhiqiza ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo njengokunyakaza kwe-axial, ukunyakaza kwe-radial, kanye nokunyakaza okujikelezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokunyakaza, kanye nokunyakaza okungajwayelekile, iringini yepiston ngokungenakugwenywa ivele njengokumiswa kanye nokudlidliza kwe-axial, ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile kwe-radial kanye nokudlidliza, ukunyakaza okujiyile, njll. okubangelwa ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile kwe-axial. Lokhu kunyakaza okungajwayelekile kuvame ukuvimbela amasongo episton ekusebenzeni. Lapho uklama iringini yepiston, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukudlala okugcwele ekunyakazeni okuhle nokulawula uhlangothi olungafanele.

ukuhanjiswa kokushisa

Ukushisa okuphezulu okubangelwa ukusha kudluliselwa odongeni lwesilinda ngendandatho yepiston, ukuze kuphole i-piston. Ukushisa okuhlakazekile odongeni lwesilinda ngendandatho yepiston ngokuvamile kungafinyelela ku-30 ​​kuya ku-40% wokushisa okumuncwa ngenhla kwepiston.

ukuqina komoya

Umsebenzi wokuqala wendandatho yepiston ukugcina uphawu phakathi kwepiston nodonga lwesilinda nokulawula ukuvuza komoya kancane. Le ndima yenziwa kakhulu yindandatho yegesi, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zokusebenza kwenjini, ukuvuza komoya ocindezelwe kanye negesi kufanele kulawulwe kancane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa; ukuvimbela ukuvuza phakathi kwesilinda kanye nepiston noma phakathi kwesilinda kanye nendandatho. Bamba; vimbela ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukuwohloka kukawoyela wokugcoba, njll.

Ukulawulwa kwamafutha

Umsebenzi wesibili wendandatho yepiston ukukhuhla kahle uwoyela wokugcoba onamathele odongeni lwesilinda nokugcina ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okuvamile. Uma uwoyela wokugcoba onikeziwe usuningi kakhulu, uzomuncwa ekamelweni lokushisa, okuzokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kuzoba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwenjini ngenxa yamadiphozithi ekhabhoni akhiqizwa ukushisa.

Ukusekela

Ngenxa yokuthi i-piston incane kancane kunobubanzi bangaphakathi besilinda, uma ingekho indandatho ye-piston, i-piston ayizinzile kusilinda futhi ayikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indandatho nayo ivimbela i-piston ukuthi ingathinti ngqo isilinda futhi idlala indima yokusekela. Ngakho-ke, indandatho ye-piston iya phezulu naphansi kusilinda, futhi ubuso bayo obushelelayo buthwalwa yindandatho ngokugcwele.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ngokwesakhiwo

A. Isakhiwo se-Monolithic: ngenqubo yokubumba noma yokubumba okuhlanganisiwe.

b. Indandatho ehlanganisiwe: Indandatho yepiston eyakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlanganiswe emseleni wendandatho.

c. Indandatho kawoyela enezimbobo: indandatho kawoyela enezinhlangothi ezihambisanayo, indawo yokuxhumana emibili kanye nezimbobo zokubuyisa uwoyela.

D. Indandatho kawoyela yentwasahlobo yekhoyili enezimbobo: engeza indandatho kawoyela yentwasahlobo yokusekela ikhoyili endandatho kawoyela enezimbobo. Intwasahlobo yokusekela ingakhuphula ingcindezi ethile ye-radial, futhi amandla ayo ebusweni bangaphakathi bendandatho ayalingana. Ivame ukutholakala emasongweni enjini yedizili.

E. Indandatho kawoyela ehlanganisiwe yebhande lensimbi: indandatho kawoyela eyakhiwe ngendandatho yokweluka kanye nezindandatho ezimbili zokuklwebha. Ukwakheka kwendandatho yokusekela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi futhi kuvame ukutholakala ezindandatho zenjini kaphethiloli.

Isimo sesigaba

Indandatho yebhakede, indandatho yekhoni, indandatho yokusonta ye-chamfer yangaphakathi, indandatho ye-wedge kanye nendandatho ye-trapezoid, indandatho yempumulo, indandatho yokusonta yehlombe langaphandle, indandatho yokusonta ye-chamfer yangaphakathi, indandatho yamafutha enhlanganisela yebhande lensimbi, indandatho yamafutha e-chamfer ehlukile, indandatho yamafutha e-chamfer efanayo.

Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo

Insimbi ephonswe, insimbi.

ukwelashwa kobuso

Indandatho ye-nitride: Ubunzima besendlalelo se-nitride bungaphezu kuka-950HV, ukuphuka kusezingeni loku-1, futhi bunokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Indandatho ene-chrome: Ingqimba ene-chrome ilungile, incane futhi ibushelelezi, inobunzima obungaphezu kuka-850HV, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, kanye nenethiwekhi yemifantu emincane eqhekeka, okusiza ukugcina uwoyela wokugcoba. Indandatho ye-phosphate: Ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kwakheka isendlalelo sefilimu ye-phosphate ebusweni bendandatho ye-piston, edlala umphumela wokulwa nokugqwala emkhiqizweni futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokuqala kwendandatho. Indandatho ye-Oxidation: Ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuphezulu kanye ne-oxidant enamandla, kwakheka ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bezinto zensimbi, enokumelana nokugqwala, ukuthambisa okulwa nokugqwala kanye nokubukeka okuhle. Kukhona ama-PVD njalo njalo.

ngokuya ngomsebenzi

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamasongo e-piston: indandatho yegesi kanye nendandatho kawoyela. Umsebenzi wendandatho yegesi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-seal iphakathi kwe-piston kanye ne-cylinder. Ivimbela igesi lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu ku-cylinder ukuthi ingangeni ku-crankcase ngobuningi obukhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iqhuba ukushisa okuningi kusukela phezulu kwe-piston kuya odongeni lwesilinda, olube selususwa ngamanzi apholile noma umoya.

Indandatho kawoyela isetshenziselwa ukuklwebha uwoyela ongaphezulu odongeni lwesilinda, futhi imboze ifilimu kawoyela efanayo odongeni lwesilinda, okungagcini nje ngokuvimbela uwoyela ukuthi ungangeni esilinda bese usha, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukuguguleka nokudabuka kwepiston, indandatho yepiston kanye nesilinda. [1]

ukusetshenziswa

Ukuhlonza okuhle noma okubi

Ubuso obusebenzayo bendandatho yepiston akumele bube namaqhubu, imihuzuko kanye nama-peelings, ubuso obungaphandle obuyi-cylindrical kanye nobuso obuphezulu nobaphansi kufanele bube nobushelelezi obuthile, ukuphambuka kokugoba akumele kube ngaphezu kuka-0.02-0.04 mm, kanye nenani elijwayelekile lokucwila kwendandatho emseleni akumele lidlule ku-0.15-0.25 mm, ukuqina kanye nokuvuleka kwendandatho yepiston kuhlangabezana nemithetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokuvuza kokukhanya kwendandatho yepiston kufanele lihlolwe, okungukuthi, indandatho yepiston kufanele ibekwe phansi kusilinda, kufanele kubekwe isibhamu esincane sokukhanya ngaphansi kwendandatho yepiston, bese kufakwa ipuleti lomthunzi kuyo, bese kuba negebe lokuvuza kokukhanya phakathi kwendandatho yepiston nodonga lwesilinda. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwendandatho yepiston nodonga lwesilinda kuhle yini. Ngokuvamile, igebe lokuvuza kokukhanya kwendandatho yepiston akumele lidlule ku-0.03 mm uma kulinganiswa ngesilinganiso sobukhulu. Ubude bomngxunya wokuvuza kokukhanya okuqhubekayo akufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobubanzi besilinda, ubude bemngxunya yokuvuza kokukhanya okuningana akufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobubanzi besilinda, futhi ubude obuphelele bokuvuza kokukhanya okuningana akufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-1/2 yobubanzi besilinda, ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele kushintshwe.

imithethonqubo yokumaka

Uphawu lwendandatho yepiston GB/T 1149.1-94 lubeka ukuthi wonke amasongo episton adinga indlela yokufaka kufanele amakwe ohlangothini olungaphezulu, okungukuthi, ohlangothini oluseduze negumbi lokusha. Amasongo amakwe ohlangothini olungaphezulu afaka: indandatho ekhonjisiwe, i-chamfer yangaphakathi, indandatho yetafula elisikiwe langaphandle, indandatho yempumulo, indandatho ye-wedge kanye nendandatho kawoyela edinga indlela yokufaka, kanti uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwendandatho lumakwe.

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

Naka lapho ufaka izindandatho ze-piston

1) Indandatho yepiston ifakwe kahle ngaphakathi kwe-cylinder liner, futhi kumele kube nesikhala esithile sokuvula endaweni exhumanayo.

2) Indandatho yepiston kufanele ifakwe ku-piston, futhi emseleni wendandatho, kufanele kube nesikhala esithile eceleni eceleni kokuphakama.

3) Indandatho efakwe i-chrome kufanele ifakwe esiteshini sokuqala, futhi ukuvulwa akufanele kubheke ohlangothini lomgodi wamanje we-eddy phezulu kwe-piston.

4) Izimbobo zendandatho ngayinye yepiston zibekwe eceleni ngo-120°C, futhi azivunyelwe ukubhekana nembobo yephini yepiston.

5) Kumasongo e-piston anesigaba esinciphile, ubuso obunciphile kufanele bube phezulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

6) Ngokuvamile, uma kufakwa indandatho yokugoba, i-chamfer noma umsele kufanele ube phezulu; uma kufakwa indandatho yokugoba ephikisiwe, gcina ikhoni ibheke phezulu.

7) Uma ufaka indandatho ehlanganisiwe, indandatho ye-axial lining kufanele ifakwe kuqala, bese kufakwa indandatho eyisicaba kanye nendandatho ye-wave. Indandatho eyisicaba ifakwe phezulu nangaphansi kwendandatho ye-wave, futhi izikhala zendandatho ngayinye kufanele zihlukaniswe.

Umsebenzi wezinto ezibonakalayo

1. Ukumelana nokugqoka

2. Indawo yokugcina uwoyela

3. Ubulukhuni

4. Ukumelana nokugqwala

5. Amandla

6. Ukumelana nokushisa

7. Ukunwebeka

8. Ukusika ukusebenza

Phakathi kwazo, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqina yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu. Izinto zokubopha indandatho ye-piston yenjini yedizili enamandla aphezulu zifaka phakathi insimbi empunga, insimbi ethambile, insimbi ehlanganisiwe, kanye nensimbi ehlanganisiwe ye-graphite.

Umhlangano wenduku yokuxhuma i-piston

Amaphuzu ayinhloko okuhlanganiswa kweqembu lenduku yokuxhuma i-piston yejenereyitha yedizili yile elandelayo:

1. Induku yokuxhuma efakwa ngokucindezela, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-press noma i-vise, futhi ungayishayi ngesando; imbobo kawoyela noma umsele kawoyela esikhwameni sethusi kufanele uhambisane nembobo kawoyela enduku yokuxhuma ukuqinisekisa ukugcotshwa kwayo.

2. Hlanganisa i-piston kanye nenduku yokuxhuma. Lapho uhlanganisa i-piston kanye nenduku yokuxhuma, naka indawo yazo ehlobene kanye nokuqondiswa kwayo.

Iphini likapiston elifakwe ngobuhlakani kathathu. Iphini likapiston kanye nembobo yephini kuyahambisana kahle. Uma uyifaka, qala ubeke iphiniston emanzini noma emafutheni bese uyishisa ngokulinganayo ku-90°C ~ 100°C. Ngemva kokuyikhipha, beka induku yokubopha endaweni efanele phakathi kwezimbobo zesihlalo sephini likapiston, bese ufaka iphini likapiston elimbozwe ngowoyela ngendlela echazwe ngaphambilini. emgodini wephini likapiston kanye nenduku yokuxhuma isikhwama sethusi.

Okwesine, ukufakwa kwendandatho yepiston. Uma ufaka izindandatho zepiston, naka indawo kanye nokuhleleka kwendandatho ngayinye.

Okwesihlanu, faka iqembu lenduku yokuxhuma.