Ziyini izivalo zokungenisa zemoto?
I-valve yokungenisa iyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-valve yenjini, enesibopho sokudonsa umoya omusha (noma ingxube evuthayo) ku-cylinder ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngenhloso yokushisa.
Umsebenzi Oyinhloko
Ukuphefumula umoya: Ngesikhathi sokushaya komoya, ivalvu yokungenisa iyavuleka, isebenzisa ingcindezi engemihle ebangelwa ukunyakaza kwe-piston phansi ukuze idonsele umoya (noma ingxube yomoya nophethiloli) kwisilinda.
Ukulungiselela ukusha: Kuhlinzeka nge-oxygen edingekayo ezinqubweni ezilandelayo zokucindezelwa nokusha, okuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli usha kahle.
Ukuvala isilinda: Ngesikhathi sokucindezela, amandla, kanye nokushaya kokukhipha umoya, ivalvu yokungenisa umoya iyavalwa, kanye nevalvu yokukhipha umoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwesilinda.
Isakhiwo kanye nezici
Ukwakheka: Kuqukethe ikhanda le-valve kanye nesiqu se-valve. Ikhanda livame ukuba phezulu okuyisicaba, phezulu okuyisiyingi, noma phezulu okune-trumpet, kanti phezulu okuyisicaba kuyikona okuvame kakhulu.
Izinto: Yenziwe kakhulu ngezinto ze-alloy ezifana nensimbi ye-chrome kanye nensimbi ye-nickel-chrome ukuze imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka komshini.
Usayizi: Ngokuvamile likhulu kunevalvu yokukhipha umoya ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nokungena kwamanzi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja.
I-angle eyindilinga: Ngokuvamile ingama-45°, kanti amanye amamodeli (njenge-CA1091) asebenzisa ama-30° ukuze anciphise kakhulu ukumelana nokungena. Isimiso sokusebenza
Iqhutshwa yi-camshaft, ilawulwa ukuvula nokuvala nge-tappet, i-pushrod (noma ngqo ngengalo ye-rocker).
Isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala silawulwa ngokunembile isikhathi se-valve, esivumelaniswe ne-engeli ye-crankshaft, ukuqinisekisa ukushintshana komoya okuphumelelayo.
Ukucaciswa Kwemibono Eyiphutha Okuvamile
Akuyona i-throttle: I-throttle itholakala epayipini lokungenisa futhi ilawula ivolumu yenani lokungenisa; i-valve yokungenisa itholakala ekhanda lesilinda futhi ilawula isikhathi sokungenisa kwesilinda esisodwa.
Akuyona i-accelerator: I-accelerator iyi-pedal eqhutshwa umshayeli, elawulwa ngezindlela ze-elekthronikhi noma zemishini ukuvula i-throttle.
Umthelela Wephutha
Uma ivalvu yokungenisa yonakele (njengokuguquguquka, ukwakheka kwekhabhoni, noma ukuvalwa okungekuhle), kungabangela:
Amandla enjini ancishisiwe
Ukungenzi lutho okungazinzile, ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka Ubunzima bokuqala
Ukukhipha ugesi kukhipha intuthu emnyama noma kukhona umsindo ongajwayelekile ngenxa yokuvuza
Izinjini eziningi zesimanje zisebenzisa umklamo wama-valve amaningi (njengama-valve amane ngesilinda, aziwa ngokuthi "16V"), ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokungenisa nokukhipha umoya futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushisa.
I-valve yokungenisa iyisici esibalulekile ohlelweni lwesitimela se-valve yenjini. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko yile:
-Umoya omusha (noma ingxube evuthayo) ungene kwisilinda： Ngesikhathi sokushaya komoya, ivalvu yokungenisa iyavuleka, ivumela umoya (ezinjini zikaphethiloli, ngokuvamile uxutshwa nophethiloli ukuze wakhe ingxube evuthayo) ukuthi ungene ekamelweni lokushisa, okunikeza izimo ezidingekayo zokusha.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa: Ngokulawula ngokunembile ivolumu yokungenisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli ushiswa ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwamandla enjini kanye nokonga uphethiloli.
- Ukusebenza ngokubambisana nevalvu yokukhipha umoya: Kanye nevalvu yokukhipha umoya, iqeda umjikelezo we-four-stroke "wokungenisa - ukucindezela - amandla - ukukhishwa komoya", okugcina ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini.
Uma ivalvu yokungenisa ingasebenzi kahle (njengokwakheka kwekhabhoni, ukuvala okungahambi kahle, noma ukunamathela), kungabangela izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Amandla enjini anciphile, ukudlidliza, ukungahlaliseki kahle
- Ukusheshisa okubi, ukuqala okunzima
- Ukukhipha intuthu emnyama, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe
Izinjini zesimanje ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bama-valve amaningi (njengama-valve ama-4 ngesilinda: ukungenisa okungu-2 kanye nokukhipha okungu-2), ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokungenisa kanye nokukhipha futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushisa.
Ukwehluleka kwevalvu yokungenisa imoto kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini, okuholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zokusebenza. Ngokusho kolwazi lomphakathi olugunyaziwe, izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko, izimbangela, kanye nezixazululo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko
- Ukuzamazama kwenjini noma ukungahlaliseki kahle: Ukuvalwa kabi kwevalvu yokungenisa noma ukwakheka kwekhabhoni kubangela ingxube engalingani kusilinda ngasinye, okuholela ekukhishweni kwamandla okungalingani, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo noma ukungahlaliseki kahle.
- Ukuqala okunzima: Ukuvalwa okuxegayo kwevalvu kubangela ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokucindezela kusilinda, futhi ipulaki yenhlansi ayikwazi ukukhanyisa ingxube ngokuphelele ngemva kokushisa, okudinga imizamo eminingi yokuqalisa .
- Amandla anciphile: Umthamo wokungenisa onganele noma ukungenisa okubi, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kukaphethiloli, ukusheshisa okuhamba kancane, kanye nokusebenza okunganele kokudlula .
- Ukungajwayelekile kokukhipha ugesi:
Ipayipi lokukhipha umoya likhipha intuthu emnyama (ukusha okungaphelele)；
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingakhipha intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (uwoyela ovuthayo, uma uphawu lwamafutha e-valve nalo lonakele).
- Umsindo ongajwayelekile:
Umsindo "ovuthayo" ungazwakala eduze kohlangothi lokungenisa noma i-intake manifold lapho i-intake valve ivuza；
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, umsindo "wokushaqeka" ungezwakala, obonisa ukungqongqoza kwe-valve.
- Ezinye izimpawu:
Ukuvuza komoya okweqile esihlungini somoya；
I-Exhaust manifold ishisa ngokweqile futhi ikhombisa ngisho nesenzakalo "esibonisa kabusha".
Izimbangela ezivamile zamaphutha
- Ukwanda kwekhabhoni ngokweqile: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kukaphethiloli ongemuhle, ukushayela ibanga elifushane, ukwehluleka kophawu lukawoyela lwe-valve, njll., kuholela ekubekweni kwezinto ezifana ne-gum, okuthinta ukuvulwa noma ukuvalwa kwe-valve .
- Ukuguga noma ukuguguleka kobuso bokuvala ama-valve: Imigodi noma ukugoba ebusweni bokuxhumana phakathi kwe-valve nendandatho yesihlalo ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, okubangela ukuvuza .
- Isikhala esiningi phakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kanye nethubhu eliqondisayo: Ivalvu iyanyakaza noma iyagoba, ayikwazi ukufakwa kahle futhi ivalwe .
- Ukwehluleka kwentwasahlobo yevalvu: Ukuqina noma ukuphuka okwanele kwentwasahlobo, okuvimbela ivalvu ukuthi ingavaleki kahle .
- Ukulungiswa okungafanele kokuvuleka kwevalvu: Isiqu sevalvu siyavuleka ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa, okuholela ekuvalekeni okubi .
- Izinyathelo zokwelapha eziphakanyisiwe
- Ukuzihlola kokuqala:
Hlola ukuthi uke wasebenzisa uphethiloli ophansi muva nje;
Qaphela ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu ezivamile njengomusi omnyama, umsindo ongajwayelekile, noma ukuthuthumela.
- Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD:
Funda amakhodi amaphutha, njengekhodi yokucima umlilo (uchungechunge lwe-P0300), inzwa ye-oxygen engavamile (P0130), njll., ukuze usize ekwahluleleni .
- Ukulungiswa kobungcweti
Uma kusolwa ukuthi ivalvu yokungenisa yiyona eyinkinga, isembozo sevalvu kufanele sihlukaniswe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuvuleka kwevalvu, ukusebenza kokuvala, kanye nokwakheka kwekhabhoni;
Uma ukunqwabelana kwekhabhoni kukhulu, cabanga "ngokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali uhlelo lokungenisa" noma "ukuqaqa ukuze kuhlanzwe ngesandla" ；
Uma ivalvu ishile, ikhubazekile, noma ivalwe kabi, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka "ukufaka esikhundleni sevalvu" noma "ukulungisa indandatho yesihlalo sevalvu".
- Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Sebenzisa njalo izithasiselo zikaphethiloli kanye nophethiloli ezisezingeni eliphezulu；
Hlanza ama-carbon deposit njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-20,000 (ikakhulukazi i-throttle body kanye ne-intake manifold). Shintsha izivalo zikawoyela kanye nezihlungi ezintathu ngokwemiyalelo yesandla.
Qaphela: Uma inkinga nge-valve yokungenisa inganakwa, ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu wemishini njengokubanjwa kwe-valve noma ukushayisana kwe-piston ne-valve, futhi izindleko zokulungisa zizokhuphuka kakhulu.
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