Inzwa Yokucindezela Kokungenisa: "Iso Ledatha" Eliyinhloko Lenjini
Inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa (efushaniswe ngokuthi inzwa ye-MAP) iyisici esibalulekile sohlelo lokujova uphethiloli lohlobo lwe-D ezinjinini zokujova uphethiloli kagesi, esebenza "njengomphenyi wokucindezela" wenjini. Ihlala iqapha izinguquko zokucindezela ohlelweni lokungenisa futhi inikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sokwenza izinqumo zeyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU).
Ixhunywe ku-input manifold ngepayipi le-vacuum futhi ingakwazi ukubamba ngokunembile ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ku-input manifold ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene, iguqule ibe amasignali kagesi bese iwadlulisela ku-ECU. Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa imoto, ingcindezi yokungenisa iyanda, bese inzwa ithumela ngokushesha isignali, lapho i-ECU ikhulisa khona ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli ukuze inikeze amandla anele enjini; ngesikhathi sokunciphisa ijubane, ingcindezi yokungenisa iyancipha, kanti i-ECU inciphisa ukufakwa kukaphethiloli, igweme ukumoshwa kukaphethiloli futhi ithuthukise ukonga kukaphethiloli.
Kungasiza futhi i-ECU ekulungiseni isikhathi sokusha, okuvumela ingxube ukuthi ishise ngokuphelele, ithole ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokukhipha amandla kanye nokulawula ukukhishwa komoya. Ezinjinini ezinezinhlelo zokulawula ama-valve kagesi, inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa ingasebenza futhi njengepharamitha yokusekelayo yezibonakaliso zomthwalo, isize ekulungiseni isikhathi sokuvula kwe-valve yokungenisa kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenjini.
Isexwayiso Sokwehluleka: "Isexwayiso Sempilo" Senjini
Uma inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa ihluleka, ibhalansi yokusebenza kwenjini izophazamiseka, okubangela uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezingavamile, okubangela izingozi ekusebenzeni kwemoto kanye nokuphepha kokushayela.
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokungazinzi kokuqala kanye nokungenzi lutho kungabangela ukuthi i-ECU ingakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ivolumu yokungenisa, okuholela ekungahambelani phakathi kwevolumu yokujova uphethiloli kanye nevolumu yokungenisa. Ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo, injini ingadinga imizamo eminingi yokuvula ngempumelelo, futhi izimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane ngemva kokufudumala, kodwa ingase ibhekane nokuvalwa kwenjini ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho, ijubane lenjini liyashintshashintsha kakhulu phakathi kuka-800-1000 rpm, ngisho nokudlidliza kanye nokuma, okufana nokungalungi kwesilinda, kodwa ukuhlola ama-spark plugs nama-ignition coils kukhombisa imiphumela evamile, okungenzeka ukuthi ibangelwa ukugeleza kwesignali^.
Ukungalingani Kwamandla Nokusetshenziswa Kwamafutha Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, isivinini senjini siyakhuphuka kodwa isivinini semoto siyanda kancane, okunikeza "umuzwa wokuthi awusebenzi kahle", kanye nokusabela kwamandla okubambezelekile kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwamandla kwamanye amamodeli angu-1.6L kungaba kubi kakhulu kunokwamamodeli angu-1.0L. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inzwa ayikwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha izinguquko ekucindezelweni kokungenisa ngemuva kokuvulwa kwe-throttle, futhi ukufakwa kukaphethiloli kwe-ECU kuyabambezeleka, okuholela ekungeneni kwamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphutha lingabangela i-ECU ukuthi yahlulele kabi ivolumu yokungenisa, okuholela ekungalinganini kokuhlushwa kwengxube, kungaba okucebile kakhulu okubangela intuthu emnyama evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya kanye nokushisa okungaphelele, noma okunciphile kakhulu okubangela amandla anganele. Kunoma yikuphi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokhula kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwezinye izimoto kungakhuphuka kusuka ku-8L/100km kuya ku-12L/100km^.
Ukukhanya Kwesibani Esingalungile Nezingozi Ezingaba Khona Lapho ukuphambuka kwesignali yesenzwa kudlula umkhawulo, ukukhanya kwephutha lenjini (MIL) kudeshibhodi kuzokhanya. Kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD, amakhodi anjenge-P0105 (ukwehluleka kwesekethe yesenzwa) kanye ne-P0106 (isignali engacabangeki) ngokuvamile angafundwa. Cishe amaphutha angu-60% abangelwa umonakalo wesenzwa, kanti angu-40% abangelwa izinkinga zezintambo. Ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu kungaholela emaphutheni amancane aphenduke izinkinga ezinkulu, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, imoto ingavele ime lapho ishayela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokunciphisa ijubane noma ukushintsha igiya, okubangela izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha^.
Iphutha Lokubuyela Emuva: "Isiteleka" Esibangelwa Yizinto Eziningi
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa akubangelwa yisici esisodwa kodwa kuwumphumela wezinkinga eziningi ezifana nenzwa uqobo, izintambo, kanye namapayipi okuhlanza.
Ukuphuka kwesekethe yangaphakathi noma isekethe emfushane ku-sensor kuzovimbela isignali yokucindezela ukuthi ingaguqulwa futhi idluliselwe ngendlela evamile, njengokunqunywa kwesiteshi esiteshini sokudlulisa ulwazi, futhi i-ECU ngeke ithole idatha evumelekile^.
Izimpawu zokukhipha ezingajwayelekile nazo ziyiphutha elivamile. Ngokuvamile, isignali kufanele ishintshe ngozwelo nge-vacuum ye-intake manifold, futhi uma isignali "isilele emuva", i-ECU izolungisa i-fuel injection ngokusekelwe kulwazi olungalungile, okwenza ukusebenza kwenjini kungabi ngendlela engavamile^. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ipayipi le-vacuum elixhuma inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa epayipini lokungenisa livalekile noma livuza, lizovimbela inzwa ukuthi ingezwa isignali yokucindezela efanele, njengokuphuka "kwebhuloho" kanye nokudluliswa kolwazi kuphazamisekile.
Ukuxilongwa Okunembile: Buyisela Umbono Wenzwa
Uma ubhekene nokwehluleka kwenzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga ngokunembile: Okokuqala, sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga ukuze ufunde ikhodi yephutha bese unquma kusengaphambili ukuthi iphutha liqonde kuphi. Uma ikhodi yephutha ehlobene nenzwa iboniswa, hlola ukuthi ipayipi le-vacuum livalekile noma liyavuza, nokuthi izintambo zomoya zonakele noma azixhumeki kahle. Okwesibili, yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kunzwa, khipha ipulaki yenzwa, vula iswishi yokushisa, bese ulinganisa i-voltage phakathi kwe-terminal ye-VCC kanye ne-terminal ye-E2 ku-plug. Ngokuvamile, kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-4.5 no-5.5V. Uma i-voltage ingajwayelekile, hlola izintambo kusukela ku-ECU kuya ku-sensor noma ku-ECU uqobo. Okokugcina, sebenzisa indlela yokufaka esikhundleni. Shintsha inzwa esolwa ukuthi inephutha ngejwayelekile. Uma iphutha linyamalala, kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi inzwa yonakele.
Nakuba inzwa yokucindezela kokungenisa incane, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwenjini. Ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo, izimpawu zamaphutha, kanye nezindlela zokuxilonga kungasiza abanikazi bezimoto ukuhlonza izinkinga ngesikhathi, ukugwema amaphutha amancane abangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu nokugcina injini isesimweni esihle kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi.
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