Umgodi ophakathi wemoto: Ingqikithi yokudlulisa amandla kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga
Ohlelweni lokudlulisa amandla oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemoto, ishafti ephakathi idlala indima ebalulekile. Isebenza njengebhuloho, ixhumanisa amandla avela enjinini nezidingo zokushayela kwemoto. Ukuqonda indima, ukubonakaliswa kokwehluleka, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa ishafti ephakathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kanye nokuphepha kokushayela.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko womshini ophakathi kwemoto
Umgodi ophakathi utholakala kakhulu ngaphakathi kwegiya. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ubonakala ekudlulisweni kwamandla, ukushintshashintsha kwegiya kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-torque, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuzinza kokushayela.
Okokuqala, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono. Ezimotweni ezisebenzisa amasondo angemuva (MR) noma ezisebenzisa amasondo amane (4MR) eziphakathi nendawo, ishafti ephakathi ingadlulisela ngqo i-torque yokukhipha yenjini kumasondo okushayela, inciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwamandla ngokuvamile kuphakeme ngo-5%-8% kunokwakheka kwesondo langaphambili. Ngaphakathi kwe-transmission, ishafti ephakathi ixhuma ishafti yokuqala (ishafti yokufaka) kanye neshafti yesibili (ishafti yokukhipha), futhi ngokusebenza kwendlela yokushintsha, ivumela ukubandakanyeka kwamasethi amagiya ahlukene, okuvumela ishafti yesibili ukuthi ikhiphe isivinini esihlukile sokujikeleza, ukuqondisa kanye ne-torque ngokwezidingo zokushayela, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kokusheshisa kanye nezici zokushayela zemoto. Isibonelo, ekudlulisweni kweshafti ephakathi nendawo, ishafti ngayinye ephakathi ngokwembono ithwala kuphela i-1/2 ye-torque, ukusebenzisa imishafti ephakathi nendawo emibili kunganciphisa ibanga eliphakathi le-transmission, kunciphise ubukhulu bamagiya, kufinyeze ubukhulu be-axial, kunciphise isisindo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokudluliselwa kwamandla.
Okwesibili, ukulungiswa kwebhalansi yesisindo. Ukwakheka kwendawo yeshafti ephakathi kuthinta ngqo isilinganiso sesisindo sangaphambili nesangemuva semoto. Ezimotweni zemidlalo ezinokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo esingu-50:50, ukwakheka kweshafti ephakathi kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile. Isilinganiso sesisindo esifanele singenza imoto izinze kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushayela, sithuthukise ukusebenza kokuphatha, ikakhulukazi ekujikeni ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nokugwema okuphuthumayo, lapho kunganciphisa khona ukugoba nokunyakaza komzimba ngempumelelo.
Okokugcina, ukusekelwa kokuzinza kokushayela. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha noma ukujika komzila ngesivinini esikhulu, ishafti ephakathi ingacindezela ukushukuma kwemoto eceleni. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, ezimotweni ezineshafti ephakathi eqinisiwe, i-engeli yokushelela eceleni ingancishiswa ngo-10%-15%. Ishafti ephakathi ivame ukuhlanganiswa nesethi yegiya (eyethula isakhiwo esifana nombhoshongo, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi igiya lombhoshongo), lesi sakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sithuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokudlulisa, sifinyeza indlela yokudlulisa amandla, sinciphise ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa kwemishini, futhi sithuthukise ikhono lokubekezelela imithwalo yomthelela ezimweni zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amaphutha avamile kanye nokubonakaliswa kweshafti ephakathi kwemoto
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-centre shaft, kungase kube namaphutha ahlukahlukene, athinta ngqo ukusebenza okuvamile kwemoto futhi afake ngisho nokuphepha kokushayela engozini.
Umsindo ongajwayelekile ungenye yezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zamaphutha eshaftini ephakathi. Lapho imoto iqala noma ishesha ngokuzumayo, umsindo wokungqubuzana kwensimbi "oqhumayo" noma "oqhumayo" uzozwakala phakathi kweshasi. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuguguleka kwejoyinti elijwayelekile leshaftini ephakathi noma ukuqhekeka kwesimbozo sothuli. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwendawo egugile kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuqina ekuxhumeni kwengxenye kuzobangela umsindo ongajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza; izinkinga ngohlelo lokugcoba, njengowoyela onganele wokugcoba, ukuwohloka kwamafutha, noma ukudlula kwamafutha okuvinjiwe, kuzobangela ukudlidliza lapho ishafti isebenza ngesivinini esikhulu; ukufakwa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokulungiswa, indawo engalungile, noma amabhawodi axegayo, okubangela amandla angajwayelekile kushafti, nakho kuzobangela umsindo ongajwayelekile; uma kunezinkinga zekhwalithi ezifana nokukhubazeka kwezinto ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, umsindo ongajwayelekile nawo uzovela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo ongajwayelekile uzwakala lapho isiteringi siphendulwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kukhishwa umsindo omkhulu "wokuchofoza", okungaba iphutha leshafti yesikhungo sokuqondisa (shafti enqamulayo, ijoyinti enqamulayo).
Ukuqhaqhazela nakho kuyisibonakaliso esijwayelekile samaphutha eshafini eliphakathi nendawo. Ngesikhathi sokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu (ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-80 ngehora), umzimba wemoto ubonisa ukuqhaqhazela okuvamile. Ngemva kokukhipha inkinga yokulinganisela okuguquguqukayo kwethayi, kungenzeka ukuthi ibhalansi eguquguqukayo yeshafini eliphakathi nendawo yehlulekile. Ukwehluleka kwebhalansi eguquguqukayo yeshafini eliphakathi nendawo kuzobangela ukudlidliza okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, okuthinta induduzo yokugibela, futhi kubangele nokuguguleka okwengeziwe kwezinye izingxenye zemoto.
Ukulibala kwamandla nakho kungenye yezimpawu zokwehluleka kwe-shaft ephakathi. Uma unyathela i-accelerator, ukudluliselwa kwamandla akusheleli, futhi impendulo yokusheshisa iba kancane. Lokhu kungabangelwa igebe elikhulu lokuxhuma amandla ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-spline ye-shaft ephakathi. Ukulibala kwamandla kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwesivinini semoto, futhi ezimweni ezifana nokudlula imoto kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, kungaholela ezingozini zokuphepha.
Ukulungiswa nokuxazulula inkinga yeshafti ephakathi yemoto
Ukuze kwandiswe impilo yenkonzo yomgodi ophakathi futhi kuncishiswe ukwenzeka kwamaphutha, ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke kubalulekile.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina umgodi ophakathi. Kunconywa ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuthi isembozo sothuli somgodi ophakathi sonakele yini nokuthi ijoyinti elijwayelekile liyaxega yini njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-20,000. Lesi yisihluthulelo sokugwema ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi komgodi ophakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naka ukuhlola inani lamafutha kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha okugcoba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lokugcoba futhi ugweme ukuguguleka nomsindo ongajwayelekile obangelwa ukuguguleka okunganele.
Ukulungiswa kokugcoba akufanele kunganakwa. Uma isembozo sothuli siphelele, ijoyinti elijwayelekile lingagcotshwa ngamafutha njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-40,000 ukuze kwandiswe impilo yalo yokusebenza. Uma ufaka kabusha i-intermediate shaft ngemuva kokulungiswa noma ukulungiswa, qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokufaka inembile, i-torque yokuqinisa ibhawodi ihlangabezana nezidingo, futhi ugweme umsindo ongajwayelekile kanye namaphutha abangelwa ukufakwa okungafanele.
Ukugwema ukushayela ngobudlova nakho kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokugcina ishafti ephakathi. Ukusheshisa okungazelelwe njalo kanye nokubhuleka kuzokwandisa umthwalo kushafti ephakathi. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, isikhathi sokuphila seshafti ephakathi ezimotweni ezishayela ngobudlova sizofinyezwa cishe ngo-30%.
Uma i-intermediate shaft ihluleka, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungiswa nokufakwa esikhundleni ngesikhathi. Uma kwenzeka amaphutha omsindo angajwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuphenya nokusingatha imbangela ethile, njengokufaka esikhundleni se-universal joint egugile, ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni sesembozo sothuli, ukufaka uwoyela wokugcoba, njll. Uma kwenzeka amaphutha okushukuma kanye nokuwa kwamandla, kungadingeka ukwenza ukulungiswa kwebhalansi eguquguqukayo ku-intermediate shaft noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezingxenye ezonakele. Uma kwenzeka kufakwa esikhundleni i-intermediate shaft, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe imishini yokuqala yasekhaya noma izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ezingenisiwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokugcinwa.
Ngamafuphi, umgodi ophakathi wemoto uyingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni lokudlulisa amandla emotweni, futhi indima yawo ayinakuthathelwa indawo. Ngokuqonda umsebenzi womgodi ophakathi, ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa, abanikazi bezimoto bangaqinisekisa kangcono ukusebenza nokuphepha kokushayela kwemoto, okwenza ukushayela kube lula futhi kuqinisekise kakhudlwana.
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