Isikhwama somoya esiyinhloko semoto: Umugqa oyinhloko wokuvikela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokushayela
Ekulungiseleleni ukuphepha okungapheli kwemoto, i-airbag eyinhloko ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ifana nomqaphi othule, osebenza ngokushesha ngezikhathi ezibucayi ukwakha isithiyo sokuphila kwabashayeli nabagibeli. Ukuqonda imisebenzi, izimbangela zokwehluleka, kanye nezixazululo ze-airbag eyinhloko kuyinkambo edingekayo kumnikazi wemoto ngamunye ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokushayela.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-airbag enkulu yemoto
I-airbag eyinhloko yemoto ihlukaniswe kakhulu ibe yi-airbag eseceleni komshayeli kanye ne-airbag eseceleni komgibeli, efakwe phakathi kwesondo lokuqondisa kanye nendawo efanele yephaneli yezinsimbi. Njengedivayisi yokuvikela eyinhloko ngesikhathi sokushayisana kwangaphambili, imisebenzi yayo ibonakala ngezici eziningi. Okokuqala, i-airbag eyinhloko inganciphisa kakhulu ukulimala kokushayisana. Lapho imoto ishayisana mathupha ngesivinini esingaphezu kwama-30 km/h, i-airbag eyinhloko ingaphuma ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0.015, yakhe isithiyo se-buffer, inciphise amandla okushayisana ekhanda ngaphezu kwama-75%. Ingasabalalisa ngokulinganayo amandla okushayisana ekhanda nasesifubeni sabashayeli nabagibeli, igweme izingxenye zomzimba ezisengozini ukuthi zingashayisani ngqo nesondo lokuqondisa, iphaneli yezinsimbi, njll., inciphise ngempumelelo amathuba okulimala kobuchopho kanye nokuqhekeka kwesifuba. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izimoto ezihlome nge-airbag eyinhloko zinganciphisa ingozi yokulimala ekhanda ngo-25% kanye nokulimala kobuso ngo-80%. Okwesibili, i-airbag eyinhloko isebenza ngokubambisana nebhande lesihlalo ukwakha uhlelo lokuvikela oluphindwe kabili. Ibhande lesihlalo lingaqinisa abashayeli nabagibeli esihlalweni ngokushesha, linciphise ibanga kanye nesivinini sokuhamba komzimba phambili; kuyilapho isikhwama somoya esiyinhloko siqinisa amandla okushaya asele, futhi ukusetshenziswa kokubili okuhlangene kungandisa umphumela wokuvikela. Uma ibhande lesihlalo lingaboshwanga, umphumela wokuvikela wesikhwama somoya esiyinhloko uzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ungadala ngisho nomonakalo owengeziwe emzimbeni womuntu ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okushaya esikhwama somoya esiphumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe besikhwama somoya esiyinhloko buqhubeka nokwandisa umngcele wokuvikela. Amanye amamodeli, njengemodeli ka-2025 i-Asia, afake isikhwama somoya esinomqamelo wesihlalo sabagibeli ngendlela entsha. Ngesikhathi sokushayisana, ingaphakamisa amathanga omshayeli nomgibeli, ithuthukise ukuma kokuvikela futhi inciphise ukuhamba komzimba ngo-5 - 10 cm, inciphise kakhulu ingozi yokushaywa yiphaneli yezinsimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo okuningiliziwe kwenza ukuvikelwa kwesikhwama somoya esiyinhloko kube okunembe kakhulu futhi okuphelele.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nezimbangela ze-airbag enkulu yemoto
Isibonakaliso esiqondile kakhulu sephutha le-airbag eyinhloko ukukhanya okuqhubekayo kwesibani sesexwayiso se-airbag kudeshibhodi. Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, kusho ukuthi i-airbag eyinhloko ingase ingasebenzi kahle ngezikhathi ezibucayi, okubangela ingozi enkulu yokuphepha. Izimbangela ezivamile zamaphutha zifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, izinkinga zocingo kanye ne-plug. Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu samaphutha e-airbag eyinhloko, esifinyelela ku-45%. Intwasahlobo ye-airbag engaphansi kwesiteringi iyisici esiyinhloko esixhumanisa i-airbag eyinhloko nesekethe yemoto. Ukuqondisa okuvamile kwe-engeli enkulu kungabangela kalula ukuguguleka nokuphuka kwezintambo zangaphakathi noma ukumelana okungavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-airbag plug engaphansi kwesihlalo ingase ikhululwe ngenxa yokugxuma kwemoto, ukususwa kwesihlalo, njll., okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokudluliselwa kwesignali. Kwakukhona umnikazi wemoto waseGuangzhou, ngenxa yokukhululeka kwe-airbag plug ngaphansi kwesihlalo somshayeli, wabikwa ngamanga yisitolo sokulungisa ukuthi udinga ukushintshwa kohlelo lwe-airbag oluphelele, futhi ekugcineni wasebenzisa ama-yuan angu-50 kuphela ukuqinisa i-plug futhi waxazulula inkinga. Okwesibili, amaphutha enzwa kanye neyunithi yokulawula. Inzwa yokushayisana ifana "namehlo" esikhwama somoya esiyinhloko, esatshalaliswe ngaphambili kwemoto nakwezinye izingxenye. Uma inzwa yonakele ngenxa yokushayisana okuncane ngemuva, ukupaka eceleni komgwaqo, njll., kuzokwenza ukuthi isikhwama somoya esiyinhloko sehluleke ukuzwa isignali yokushayisana ngokunembile, okuholela ekutheni isikhwama somoya singaphumi noma siphume ngokungalungile. Ngenkathi iyunithi yokulawula isikhwama somoya sokuphepha (i-ECU) ingaba nomonakalo wehadiwe noma ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe, okuzothinta ngqo ukudluliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalelo yesistimu yonke, okuzobangela ukukhanya kwephutha ukuthi kukhanye. Okwesithathu, izici zebhethri kanye nezemvelo. Lapho ibhethri yemoto iphansi, i-voltage ayanele, okuzobangela ukuthi isekethe yohlelo lomoya wokuphepha ingazinzile, okuzobangela izexwayiso zamaphutha ezingamanga. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ukungena kwamanzi esibonakalayo sesekethe ngesikhathi sokuwasha imoto nakho kungabangela imijikelezo emifushane, okuzobangela izexwayiso zamaphutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhwama somoya esiyinhloko ngokwaso sinokuphila "kweshelufu", okuvame ukuhlala iminyaka engu-8 - 10. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinkinga ezifana nomswakama kujeneretha yegesi noma ukuguga kwendwangu yesikhwama somoya zingase zenzeke, okuzobangela ukuthi isikhwama somoya singasebenzi kahle. Okwesine, umthelela wokuguqulwa kwabantu. Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bakhetha ukushintsha isiteringi nokufaka izembozo zezihlalo ezigcwele. Lokhu kusebenza kungalimaza ukuxhumana kwezintambo zesikhwama somoya esiyinhloko noma kuvimbele indlela yokukhipha isikhwama somoya, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, uma isiteringi sezemidlalo sishintshwa ngaphandle kokugcina izintambo zesikhwama somoya, kuzoholela ngqo ekungasebenzi kahle kwesikhwama somoya esiyinhloko.
Ukusabela nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwe-airbag eyinhloko
Uma isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokwehluleka kwesikhwama somoya sikhanya, abanikazi bezimoto akumelwe babe budedengu. Kufanele baphendule ngokwezinqubo ezifanele. Okokuqala, bakhumbule ukuthi ngabe kube nezimo ezikhethekile njengokuhlukaniswa kwesihlalo, ukwengeza izesekeli, noma ukushayisana muva nje, bese behlola izimbangela ezingaba khona. Okwesibili, bangazama ukuzihlola okulula: hlola ukuthi ipulaki yesikhwama somoya esihlalweni ikhululekile yini, uyifake kabusha ngokuqinile bese uyikhiya; nqamula i-terminal engemihle yebhethri imizuzu emi-5 bese uyixhuma kabusha ukuze ususe amanye amakhodi amaphutha esikhashana. Uma isibonakaliso sokwehluleka singacimi, kumele baxhumane ngokushesha ne-ejensi yokulungisa yobungcweti futhi basebenzise ithuluzi lokuxilonga ukuze bafunde amakhodi amaphutha ukuze bathole inkinga ngokunembile. Ekulungiseni okubandakanya iyunithi yokulawula noma isikhwama somoya uqobo, ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe kumele basebenze ukuze bagweme izingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukuhlukaniswa. Ekushayeleni kwansuku zonke, abanikazi bezimoto nabo kudingeka bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Gcina ukuma okufanele kokuhlala, gwema ukubeka izinto ezindaweni ezimbozwe yisikhwama somoya sesiteringi nedeshibhodi, ukuvimbela ukuthinta ukuthunyelwa okuvamile kwesikhwama somoya. Hlola imoto njalo, hlola uhlelo lwe-airbag njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-1 - 20,000, futhi wenze ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kwezimoto ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-8 ubudala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, gwema ukushintsha imoto, landela ngokuqinile umthetho wokuthi izingane kufanele zisebenzise izihlalo zokuphepha bese uzibeka ezihlalweni zangemuva, ugcine i-airbag eyinhloko isesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha kokushayela.
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