Iyini imitha yokugeleza komoya yezimoto?
Imitha yokugeleza komoya yezimoto, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yokugeleza komoya noma inzwa yokugeleza komoya, iyinzwa eyisihluthulelo ohlelweni lokungenisa lwenjini kagesi yokujova uphethiloli. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukala ukugeleza komoya okungena enjinini bese uyiguqula ibe isignali kagesi edluliselwa kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU) ukuze kubalwe ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli.
Indawo yokufaka kanye nesimiso esiyisisekelo: Imitha yokugeleza komoya ivame ukufakwa epayipini lokungenisa phakathi kwesihlungi somoya kanye nomzimba we-throttle. Ngokubona isisindo noma ivolumu yomoya ogeleza kumasilinda ngaphakathi kwesikhathi seyunithi, inikeza i-ECU idatha eyisisekelo yokubala ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli, ukuqinisekisa isilinganiso esinembile somoya-uphethiloli kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenjini.
Imodi yokusebenza kanye nokuhlukaniswa: Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-blade (lapho amapuleti ephiko ejikeleza khona ngokuphendula ukugeleza komoya ukuze kulungiswe isignali yokukhipha yokuxhumana, ngesakhiwo esilula kodwa impendulo ehamba kancane), kanye nohlobo lwe-vortex ye-Karman (kusetshenziswa isimiso sokuthi imvamisa ye-vortex eshintshanayo ekhiqizwa uketshezi olugeleza phezu kwento eyindilinga ilingana nesivinini sokugeleza, ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-optical kanye ne-ultrasonic, ngokunemba okuphezulu futhi azikho izingxenye ezihambayo). Imiklamo ehlukene ihlose ukulinganisela ukunemba, isivinini sokuphendula, kanye nokulahlekelwa yingcindezi.
Ukubaluleka kanye nomthelela wamaphutha: Imitha yokugeleza komoya ibalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukulawulwa kwe-closed-loop, ethinta ngqo amandla enjini, ukonga uphethiloli, kanye nokusebenza kokukhishwa komoya. Uma yehluleka (njengezimpawu ezingavamile noma ukwehluleka okuphelele), ingabangela izinkinga ezifana nokungenzi lutho okungazinzile, ukusheshisa okubi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe, noma ukukhishwa komoya okweqile.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemitha yokugeleza komoya wezimoto ukukala ukungena komoya enjinini ngesikhathi sangempela nokuguqula idatha ibe isignali kagesi ezodluliselwa kukhompyutha yemoto (ECU), ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli, kuqinisekiswe isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sengxube kaphethiloli. Okulandelayo incazelo eningiliziwe yemisebenzi yayo ethile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo:
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemitha yokugeleza komoya
Ukulinganisa ivolumu yomoya ongenayo: Uma ifakwa epayipini lokungenisa phakathi kwesihlungi somoya kanye nomzimba we-throttle, ibona ngqo ivolumu noma isisindo somoya ongena enjinini.
Ukuguqulwa kwesignali: Kuguqula idatha yokugeleza komoya ibe isignali kagesi (njengoshintsho lwamanje), kuyithumela ku-ECU njengesisekelo esiyinhloko sokubalwa kokujova uphethiloli.
Impendulo enamandla: Iphendula ngokushesha (≤10ms) ezimweni zokusebenza ezahlukene njengokungenzi lutho nokusheshisa, iqinisekisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli:
I-ECU ibala ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli ngokusekelwe esignalini yokugeleza komoya, igwema ukuxubana kukaphethiloli okucebile ngokweqile (ukuchitha uphethiloli) noma okunciphile kakhulu (amandla anganele), ithuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli. Isibonelo: ngesikhathi sokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ihambisana kahle nesilinganiso somoya nophethiloli ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini:
Igcina ukukhishwa kwamandla okuzinzile, ivimbela ukuguquguquka okungasebenzi, ubuthakathaka bokusheshisa, noma ukukhishwa kwentuthu emnyama.
Amaphutha (njengezimpawu ezingavamile) azobangela ikhodi yephutha (isb., P0100) ku-ECU, okubangela ukusebenza kwenjini okungavamile.
Ukusekela ukukhishwa kwegesi kwemvelo:
Ilawula ngokunembile ukushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi okuyingozi (njenge-carbon monoxide).
Kungani kubalulekile
Ezinye izindlela ezingasebenzi kahle: Uma imitha yokugeleza komoya yonakele, i-ECU ayikwazi ukuthola idatha yomthamo womoya ongenayo futhi ingathembela kuphela ezinhlelweni zokusekelayo (njengokulinganisa ngokusekelwe ekucindezelweni kokungenisa), kodwa ukunemba kwehla ngaphezu kuka-30%, okuvame ukubangela amaphutha.
Ukusebenzisana nezinzwa eziningi: Kusebenza ngokubambisana nezinzwa zokushisa kwamanzi, izinzwa ze-oxygen, njll., ukulungisa ngokuphelele isu lokujova uphethiloli.
Imitha yokugeleza komoya iyinzwa eyisihluthulelo ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwenjini, enesibopho sokulinganisa ukungena komoya enjinini nokuguqula idatha ibe isignali kagesi ezodluliselwa kuyunithi yokulawula kagesi (i-ECU) ukuze kubalwe ngokunembile isikhathi sokufakwa kukaphethiloli kanye nesikhathi sokushisa.
Uma imitha yokuhamba komoya yehluleka, izobangela ukungalingani kwesilinganiso somoya nophethiloli, okuholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga zokusebenza kwezimoto.
Izimpawu ezivamile zephutha zihlanganisa:
Ukungazinzi okungasebenzi kahle kanye nokusheshisa okungekuhle: Ukuphambuka esignalini yemitha yokugeleza komoya kubangela ukuthi i-ECU ingakwazi ukulungisa ngokunembile ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli, okuholela ekunyakazeni kwenjini lapho ingasebenzi, isivinini esishintshashintshayo, noma ukuma kancane; ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, ukuphuma kwamandla kuyashesha, ngempendulo ehamba kancane. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe kanye nokukhishwa komoya okungavamile: Ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli okungaguquki kanye nevolumu yangempela yokudla kungabangela ingxube ecebile kakhulu kanye nokusha kukaphethiloli okungaphelele, okubonakala njengokwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, intuthu emnyama evela epayipini lokuphuma komoya, kanye nokwanda kokukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi.
Isibani sephutha senjini siyakhanya: Uma i-ECU ithola izimpawu ezingavamile (njengamakhodi ephutha P0100-P0103), izoqala isibani sesixwayiso, okubonisa ukwehluleka kwenzwa.
Ubunzima bokuqala kanye nezinkinga zokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu: Ukuqala noma ukufudumala okubandayo kungabangela ubunzima ekuqaleni ngenxa yesilinganiso esingafanele sengxube; kwamanye amamodeli, ukuphuma kwesiginali okungalungile ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-120 km/h kuzokwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu, okubangela ukuntengantenga kwenjini noma ukuma, okuthinta ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu.
Izimbangela zamaphutha kanye nemiphumela engaba khona: Ukwehluleka kwemitha yokugeleza komoya kubangelwa kakhulu ukuguguleka kwe-sensor element, ukushoda kwesekethe, noma ukuvuza kokungenisa. Ukungayinaki le nkinga isikhathi eside kungaholela ekufakweni kwekhabhoni ekamelweni lokushisa, ukulimala kwe-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu, kanye nezinye izinkinga zeketanga, ukuqinisa ukuguguleka kwenjini nokunciphisa ukuthembeka okuphelele.
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