Amafutha afakwe ezansi enjini, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crankcase engezansi.Manje, ingxenye engaphezulu ye-cylinder block iyisilinda, okuhlanganisa ingxenye engezansi yepani yamafutha yi-crankcase.I-cylinder block kanye ne-crankcase kufanele kuboshwe ndawonye.
Manje ukuze kwenziwe lula futhi kulungiswe, ingxenye engaphezulu ye-crankshaft kanye ne-cylinder block kuhlanganiswa ndawonye, futhi i-pan kawoyela iba ingxenye ehlukile, exhunywe ku-crankcase ngezikulufo.
I-pan kawoyela isetshenziselwa ukugcina uwoyela, futhi-ke, neminye imisebenzi, njengokuvala i-crankcase ukuze kube indawo ehlanzekile yokusebenza, ukugcina ukungcola, ukuchithwa kokushisa emafutheni okugcoba, njll.
Isikhundla sokufakwa kwe-oil pan Umsebenzi we-oil pan
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wepani lamafutha ukugcinwa kwamafutha.Lapho injini iyeka ukusebenza, ingxenye yamafutha enjini ibuyela epanini likawoyela ngamandla adonsela phansi.Lapho injini iqala, iphampu kawoyela ithatha uwoyela iwayise kuzo zonke izingxenye zokuthambisa zenjini, futhi uwoyela omningi ngokuvamile uba epanini likawoyela.Ngokuvamile, indima yepani likawoyela ukuvala i-crankcase njengegobolondo lethangi lokugcina, ukuvala i-crankcase, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ethangini, ukuqoqa nokugcina uwoyela wokugcoba ngenxa yendawo yokungqubuzana, ukukhipha ukushisa okuthile, ukuvimbela. i-oxidation yamafutha okugcoba.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwegobolondo eliphansi lamafutha
i-sump emanzi
Izimoto eziningi emakethe ziyi-pan kawoyela emanzi, ngakho-ke ziqanjwa ngokuthi i-wet oil pan, ngenxa ye-crankshaft crank kanye ne-link head, i-crankshaft izocwiliswa ku-oil pan lubricating oil kanye, idlale indima yokuthambisa.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngenxa yokusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu kwe-crankshaft, ijubane elikhulu ngalinye elicwiliswa ethangini likawoyela, lizovusa imbali ethile kawoyela kanye nenkungu kawoyela ukuze kugcotshwe i-crankshaft ne-shaft tile, lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-splash lubrication. .Lokhu kudinga ukuphakama kwezinga le-liquid lamafutha okugcoba epanini likawoyela.Uma iphansi kakhulu, i-crankshaft crank kanye nenduku yokuxhuma ikhanda elikhulu alikwazi ukucwiliswa emafutheni okugcoba, okuholela ekuntulekeni kokuthambisa kanye nokushelela kwe-crankshaft, induku yokuxhuma kanye nethayela le-shaft.Uma izinga likawoyela wokugcoba liphezulu kakhulu, lizobangela ukucwiliswa okuphelele, kukhuphule ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, futhi ekugcineni kunciphise ukusebenza kwenjini.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uwoyela wokugcoba kulula ukungena ekamelweni elivuthayo le-cylinder, okuzoholela ekushiseni injini, i-spark plug carbon nezinye izinkinga.
Le ndlela yokugcoba ilula ngesakhiwo, asikho isidingo sokumisa elinye ithangi likaphethiloli, kodwa ukuthambekela kwemoto akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, kungenjalo kuzodala ingozi yokuphuka kwamafutha, ukushisa amathayili kanye nesilinda sokudonsa.Isakhiwo segobolondo samafutha esingaphansi esimanzi
sump eyomile
Izimpompi zikawoyela owomile zisetshenziswa ezinjinini eziningi zomjaho.Ayiwagcini amafutha epanini lamafutha, noma, awekho epanini lamafutha.Lezi zindawo zokungqubuzana ezihambayo ku-crankcase zigcotshwa ngokucindezela izimbobo zokulinganisa.Ngenxa yokuthi injini eyomile yamafutha epanini iqeda umsebenzi wokugcinwa kwamafutha epanini likawoyela, ngakho ukuphakama kwepani yamafutha angcolile kuncipha kakhulu, futhi ukuphakama kwenjini nakho kuyancipha.Inzuzo yesikhungo esincishisiwe se-gravity inhle ekulawuleni.Inzuzo eyinhloko ukugwema isenzakalo esibi se-pan ehlukahlukene yamafutha emanzi ebangelwa ukushayela okunamandla.
Udinga ukomisa inani lamafutha epanini lamafutha, hhayi okuningi futhi hhayi okuningi.Uma ingagcwele, kufanele ilahlwe.Njengegazi lomuntu, uwoyela epanini likawoyela lihlungwa ngepompo likawoyela liye kusihlungi, bese liya ebusweni obusebenzayo obudinga ukugcotshwa, futhi ekugcineni liya epanini likawoyela emjikelezweni olandelayo.Impilo yesevisi yamafutha enjini nayo iyadingeka, futhi kufanele ishintshwe lapho kufanele.Iningi lepani likawoyela lenziwe ngezigxivizo zamapuleti ensimbi.I-baffle kawoyela ezinzile ifakwe ngaphakathi ukuze kugwenywe ukushaqeka okulungile nokuchaphaza okubangelwa ukunyakaziswa komshini kawoyela, okuvumela ukuna kwemvula yokungcola kwamafutha okugcoba.Umbusi wamafutha ufakwe ohlangothini ukuze uhlole ubuningi bamafutha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engezansi ye-pan engezansi ifakwe ipulaki yamafutha esikhundleni sikawoyela.
Kumele unake ipani likawoyela uma ushayela, ngoba ipani likawoyela liphansi enjinini.Nakuba ipuleti elingaphansi kwenjini livikelekile, liphinde libe lula kakhulu ukukhuhla ipani likawoyela okuholela ekuvuzeni kukawoyela.Ungathuki uma ipani likawoyela livuza.Bheka lesi sihloko esikule sayithi ukuthi -- sibhekana kanjani nokuvuza kwamapani kawoyela.
