Iyini i-condenser yemoto
I-Condenser (i-Condenser), ingxenye yesistimu yokubanda, iwuhlobo lwesishintshi sokushisa esingaguqula igesi noma umhwamuko ube uketshezi futhi sidlulisele ukushisa okusemapayipini emoyeni oseduze ngesivinini esikhulu. Inqubo yokusebenza ye-condenser iyinqubo exothermic, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa le-condenser lihlala liphezulu kakhulu.
Izitshalo zikagesi zisebenzisa ama-condenser amaningi ukubopha umusi okhishwa kuma-turbine. Ezitshalweni zokuqandisa, ama-condenser asetshenziselwa ukubopha umusi wokuqandisa njenge-ammonia ne-Freon. Ama-condenser asetshenziswa embonini ye-petrochemical ukubopha ama-hydrocarbon kanye neminye imiphunga yamakhemikhali. Enqubweni yokuhluza, idivayisi eguqula umusi ube uketshezi ibizwa nangokuthi i-condenser. Wonke ama-condenser asebenza ngokususa ukushisa kumagesi noma kumusi.
Igesi idlula ngepayipi elide (ngokuvamile eligoqelwe libe yi-solenoid), okuvumela ukushisa ukuthi kuhlakazeke emoyeni ozungezile. Izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, ezinokushisa okunamandla, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha umusi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-condenser, ama-heat sink asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqhutshweni kokushisa avame ukunamatheliswa emapayipini ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokuhlakazwa kokushisa futhi kusheshiswe ukuhlakazwa kokushisa. Okwamanje, amafeni asetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukugeleza komoya futhi athwale ukushisa.
Ohlelweni lomjikelezo womshini wokuqandisa, i-compressor imunca umhwamuko wesiqandisi osezingeni eliphansi nowengcindezi ephansi ovela ku-evaporator. Ngemva kokucindezelwa yi-adiabatic yi-compressor, iba umhwamuko oshisayo kakhulu nowengcindezi ephezulu, ocindezelwa ungene ku-condenser ukuze uphole njalo bese ukhipha ukushisa uye endaweni yokupholisa. Ekugcineni, upholiswa ube yi-subcooled liquid refrigerant. I-liquid refrigerant idlula ku-adiabatic throttling nge-expansion valve ukuze ibe yi-low-pressure liquid refrigerant. Iyahwamuka ku-evaporator futhi imunce ukushisa okuvela emanzini ajikelezayo e-air conditioner (umoya), ngaleyo ndlela ipholise amanzi ajikelezayo e-air conditioner ukuze kufezwe injongo ye-friji. I-low-pressure refrigerant ephumayo imuncwa ngaphakathi ku-compressor, futhi lo mjikelezo uyaqhubeka.
Uhlelo lokuqandisa ukucindezela umphunga olunesigaba esisodwa lwakhiwe yizingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo: i-compressor yokuqandisa, i-condenser, i-valve yokubhoboza kanye ne-evaporator. Lezi zingxenye zixhunywe ngokulandelana ngamapayipi ukuze zakhe uhlelo oluvaliwe. I-refrigerant ijikeleza njalo ngaphakathi kohlelo, idlula ezimweni ezishintshayo futhi ishintshanisa ukushisa nomhlaba wangaphandle.
Ohlelweni lokuqandisa, i-evaporator, i-condenser, i-compressor kanye ne-throttling valve yizingxenye ezine ezibalulekile, phakathi kwazo i-evaporator iyimishini yokuthutha ukubanda. I-refrigerant imunca ukushisa kwento epholile ekuyo ukuze ifinyelele efrijini. I-compressor iyinhliziyo, edlala indima ekudonseni, ekucindezeleni nasekuthutheni umhwamuko we-refrigerant. I-condenser iyidivayisi ekhipha ukushisa, idlulisa ukushisa okumuncwe yi-evaporator kanye nokushisa okuguqulwe kusukela emsebenzini we-compressor kuya endaweni yokupholisa ukuze kususwe. I-throttle valve idlala indima ekugoqeni nasekunciphiseni ingcindezi ye-refrigerant, ngenkathi ilawula futhi ilawula inani loketshezi lwe-refrigerant olugeleza ku-evaporator, futhi ihlukanise uhlelo lube izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: uhlangothi olunomfutho ophezulu kanye nohlangothi olunomfutho ophansi. Ezinhlelweni zangempela zokuqandisa, ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezine ezinkulu ezingenhla, kuvame ukuba namadivayisi asizayo, njengama-solenoid valve, abasabalalisi, omisi, abaqoqi bokushisa, ama-fusible plugs, abalawuli bokucindezela kanye nezinye izingxenye. Zenzelwe ukuthuthukisa umnotho, ukuthembeka kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza.
Ama-air conditioner angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zawo zokufinyela: apholile ngamanzi kanye napholile emoyeni. Ngokwezinhloso zokusetshenziswa kwawo, angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo zokupholisa kanye kanye nokupholisa kanye nokushisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokwakheka, wonke akhiwe yizingxenye ezilandelayo eziyinhloko.
Isidingo se-condenser sisekelwe emthethweni wesibili we-thermodynamics - ngokomthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics, indlela yokugeleza okuzenzakalelayo kwamandla okushisa ngaphakathi kwesistimu evaliwe ayiqondisi, okungukuthi, ingageleza kuphela kusukela ekushiseni okuphezulu kuya ekushiseni okuphansi. Ezweni le-microscopic, lokhu kubonakala njengoba izinhlayiya ezincane ezithwala amandla okushisa zingashintsha kuphela kusukela ekuhlelweni kuya ekuphazamisekeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho injini yokushisa isebenza ngokufakwa kwamandla, kumele futhi kube nokukhishwa kwamandla phansi. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho kungaba khona igebe lamandla okushisa phakathi kokwehla nokwehla, okwenza ukugeleza kwamandla okushisa kwenzeke futhi kuvumele umjikelezo uqhubeke.
Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu efuna ukuthi isithwali siphinde sisebenze, kubalulekile ukuthi aqale akhulule wonke amandla okushisa angakakhishwa ngokuphelele. Kuleli qophelo, kudingeka i-condenser. Uma amandla okushisa azungezile ephakeme kunezinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kwe-condenser, ukuze kuphole i-condenser, umsebenzi wokwenziwa kumele wenziwe (ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa i-compressor). Ngemva kokuqiniswa, uketshezi lubuyela esimweni sokuhleleka okuphezulu namandla okushisa aphansi futhi lungasebenza futhi.
Ukukhethwa kwama-condenser kuhlanganisa ukukhetha uhlobo kanye nemodeli, kanye nokunqunywa kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kanye nokumelana kwamanzi apholile noma umoya odlula ku-condenser. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-condenser kufanele kucabangele umthombo wamanzi wendawo, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, izimo zezulu, kanye nomthamo wokupholisa ophelele wesistimu yokuqandisa kanye nezidingo zokuhlelwa kwegumbi lomshini wokuqandisa. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokunquma uhlobo lwe-condenser, indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ye-condenser ibalwa ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wokufutha kanye nomthwalo wokushisa endaweni ngayinye ye-condenser, ukuze kukhethwe imodeli ethile ye-condenser.
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