manzi
I-Wet Sump
ipani lamafutha
Iningi lezimoto ezibonakala emakethe ngamapani kawoyela amanzi. Isizathu sokuthi ziqanjwe ngokuthi amapani kawoyela amanzi ukuthi i-crankshaft crankshaft kanye nengxenye enkulu yenduku yokuxhuma yenjini kufakwa kumafutha okugcoba epanini likawoyela kanye nokujikeleza ngakunye kwe-crankshaft. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwesivinini esikhulu se-crankshaft, isikhathi ngasinye lapho i-crankshaft ifakwa echibini likawoyela ngesivinini esikhulu, ama-splashes athile kawoyela kanye ne-oil mist kuzovuswa ukuze kugcotshwe i-crankshaft kanye ne-bearing bush, okubizwa ngokuthi i-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, kunezidingo ezithile zezinga loketshezi lamafutha okugcoba epanini likawoyela. Uma liphansi kakhulu, i-crankshaft crankshaft kanye nengxenye enkulu yenduku yokuxhuma azikwazi ukucwiliswa kumafutha okugcoba, okuholela ekushodeni kokugcotshwa kanye ne-crankshaft ebushelelezi, induku yokuxhuma kanye ne-bearing bush. Uma izinga likawoyela wokugcoba liphezulu kakhulu, i-bearing izocwiliswa kuyo yonke, okuzokwandisa ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, okuzogcina kuholele ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini.
Lolu hlobo lwendlela yokugcoba lunesakhiwo esilula futhi aludingi ithangi likawoyela elengeziwe, kodwa ukuthambekela kwemoto akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobangela ingozi yesilinda kawoyela evuthayo ngenxa yokwehluleka kukawoyela nokuvuza kukawoyela.
owomile
I-Dry Sump
Ama-sump owomile asetshenziswa ezinjini eziningi zomjaho. Ayigcini uwoyela e-sump, ngokunembile, ayikho i-sump kawoyela. Izindawo zokungqubuzana zalokhu kunyakaza e-crankcase zigcotshwa ngokucindezela uwoyela nge-orifice ngayinye. Njengoba injini ye-sump owomile ikhansela umsebenzi wokugcina uwoyela we-sump kawoyela, ukuphakama kwe-sump kawoyela ongahluziwe kuncishisiwe kakhulu, kanti ukuphakama kwenjini nakho kuncishisiwe. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi igwema izimo ezimbi ze-sump emanzi ebangelwa ukushayela ngamandla.
Kodwa-ke, yonke ingcindezi yamafutha okugcoba ivela empompini kawoyela. Amandla epompo kawoyela axhunywe ngamagiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nakuba kunjini ye-sump emanzi, ipompo kawoyela nayo iyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukugcotshwa kwengcindezi ye-camshaft. Kodwa le ngcindezi incane, futhi ipompo kawoyela idinga amandla amancane kakhulu. Nokho, ezinjini ze-sump eyomile, amandla ale ngcindezi yokugcotshwa kudingeka abe makhulu kakhulu. Futhi usayizi wepompo kawoyela nawo mkhulu kakhulu kunepompo kawoyela yenjini ye-sump emanzi. Ngakho-ke, ipompo kawoyela idinga amandla engeziwe ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kufana nenjini eshajelwe kakhulu, ipompo kawoyela idinga ukudla ingxenye yamandla enjini. Ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu, lapho ijubane lenjini landa, ukuqina kokunyakaza kwezingxenye zokungqubuzana kuyanda, futhi kudingeka uwoyela owengeziwe ukuze kugcotshwe, ngakho-ke ipompo kawoyela idinga ukunikeza ingcindezi eyengeziwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft nakho kuyaqiniswa.
Ngokusobala, umklamo onjalo awufanele izinjini zezimoto zomphakathi ezivamile, ngoba udinga ukulahlekelwa yingxenye yamandla enjini, okungathinti nje kuphela ukukhishwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi okungasizi ekuthuthukiseni umnotho. Ngakho-ke, i-dry sump ifakwe kuphela izinjini ezinkulu zokuthutha noma ezinamandla aphezulu, njengalezo zimoto zezemidlalo ezizalelwe ukushayela ngamandla. Isibonelo, i-Lamborghini isebenzisa umklamo we-dry oil sump. Kuyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokugcoba emkhawulweni nokuthola isikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kungakhokhelwa ngokwandisa i-displacement nezinye izici. Ngokuphathelene nomnotho Ubulili yinto le modeli okungadingeki ukuthi iyicabangele nhlobo.
Ukusebenza nokugcinwa
Iphampu yokujova uphethiloli iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli wejenereyitha kadizili, futhi isimo sayo sokusebenza sithinta ngqo amandla, ukonga kanye nokuthembeka kwejenereyitha kadizili. Ukugcinwa okufanele kuyimfuneko ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwephampu yokujova uphethiloli nokwandisa isikhathi sayo sokusebenza. "Izinto eziyishumi" ezilandelayo zikufundisa ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani iphampu yokujova uphethiloli yamajenereyitha kadizili:
1. Ukugcina kahle izesekeli zephampu yokufaka uphethiloli.
Isembozo esiseceleni somzimba wephampu, i-dipstick kawoyela, ipulaki yokugcwalisa uphethiloli (i-respirator), ivalvu yokuchitheka kawoyela, ipulaki yesikulufu sechibi likawoyela, isikulufu sezinga likawoyela, ibholti lokulungisa iphampu kawoyela, njll. kumele igcinwe ingashintshiwe. Lezi zesekeli zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwephampu yokufaka uphethiloli. Isibonelo, isembozo esiseceleni singavimbela ukungena kokungcola njengothuli namanzi, i-respirator (enesihlungi) ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kukawoyela, kanti ivalvu yokugcwala kawoyela iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lukaphethiloli lunengcindezi ethile futhi alungeni emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwalezi zesekeli, nokuzilungisa noma ukuzishintsha ngesikhathi uma zonakele noma zilahlekile.
2. Hlola njalo ukuthi inani nekhwalithi kawoyela echibini likawoyela lephampu yokufaka uphethiloli kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ijenereyitha yedizili, inani kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha ephampini yokujova uphethiloli kufanele kuhlolwe isikhathi ngasinye (ngaphandle kwephampi yokujova uphethiloli ephoqeleka ukuthi igcotshwe yinjini) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamafutha lanele futhi ikhwalithi ilungile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzobangela ukuguguleka kwasekuqaleni kwe-plunger kanye ne-valve yokuphuma kawoyela, okuholela ekunganele kwamandla enjini yedizili, ubunzima bokuqala, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuguguleka nokuguguleka kwe-plunger kanye ne-valve yokuphuma kawoyela. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwephampi kawoyela, ukusebenza kabi kwevalvu yokuphuma kawoyela, ukuguguleka kwe-tappet kanye nekhava yephampi yokudlulisa kawoyela, kanye nomonakalo wendandatho yokuvala, uwoyela wedizili uzovuza echibini likawoyela futhi unciphise uwoyela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ushintshwe ngesikhathi ngokwekhwalithi yamafutha. Ithangi lihlanzwa kahle ukuze kususwe udaka kanye nokunye ukungcola phansi kwethangi likawoyela, ngaphandle kwalokho uwoyela uzowohloka ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokusetshenziswa. Inani lamafutha akufanele libe liningi kakhulu noma libe lincane kakhulu. Uwoyela omningi kakhulu ku-governor uzoholela kalula "ekusheshiseni" kwenjini yedizili. Uma uwoyela omncane kakhulu ungabangela ukugcotshwa okubi. I-dipstick kawoyela noma isikulufu sendiza kawoyela sizoba namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma injini kadizili ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukungcola okufana namanzi namafutha kadizili emafutheni echibini likawoyela lepompo kawoyela. Izingcezu zigqwalile futhi zilahliwe.
3. Hlola njalo futhi ulungise ukuphakelwa kukaphethiloli kwesilinda ngasinye sephampu yokujova uphethiloli.
Ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-plunger coupler kanye ne-oil outlet valve coupler, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kukawoyela wedizili kuzokwenza ukuthi ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kwesilinda ngasinye kunciphe noma kungalingani, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuqala injini yedizili, amandla anganele, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe, kanye nokusebenza okungazinzile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo nokulungisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kwesilinda ngasinye sephampu yokujova uphethiloli ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamandla enjini yedizili. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, inani lokunikezwa kukaphethiloli kwesilinda ngasinye linganqunywa ngokubuka intuthu yokukhipha yejenereyitha yedizili, ukulalela umsindo wenjini, kanye nokuthinta izinga lokushisa le-exhaust manifold.
4. Sebenzisa amapayipi kawoyela ajwayelekile anomfutho ophezulu.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli yepompo yokujova uphethiloli, ngenxa yokucindezelwa kukawoyela wedizili kanye nokuqina kwepayipi likawoyela elinomfutho ophezulu, uwoyela wedizili onomfutho ophezulu uzokwakha ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi epayipini, futhi kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuthi igagasi lokucindezela lidlulele epayipini. Inani liyafana, injini kawoyela isebenza kahle, futhi ubude nobubanzi bepayipi likawoyela elinomfutho ophezulu kuyakhethwa ngemuva kokubalwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho ipayipi likawoyela elinomfutho ophezulu wesilinda esithile lonakele, ipayipi likawoyela elinobude obujwayelekile nobubanzi bepayipi kufanele lishintshwe. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamapayipi kawoyela ajwayelekile, kusetshenziswa amanye amapayipi kawoyela esikhundleni salokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubude nobubanzi bamapayipi kawoyela buyafana, ukuze ubude nobubanzi bamapayipi kawoyela buhluke kakhulu. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo, izoholela ekunikezweni kukawoyela kwesilinda. Ukushintsha kwe-engeli engaphambili kanye nenani lokuphakelwa kukawoyela kwenza wonke umshini usebenze ngokungazinzile, ngakho-ke ipayipi likawoyela elinomfutho ophezulu elijwayelekile kumele lisetshenziswe lapho lisetshenziswa.
5. Hlola njalo isimo sokuvala se-valve coupler emshinini.
Ngemva kokuba ipompo yokujova uphethiloli isebenze isikhathi esithile, ngokuhlola isimo sokuvala sevalvu yokuphuma kukaphethiloli, kungenziwa isahlulelo esinzima ngokuguguleka kwe-plunger kanye nesimo sokusebenza sepompo kaphethiloli, okuzuzisayo ukunquma indlela yokulungisa nokulungisa. Uma uhlola, vula izihlanganisi zamapayipi kaphethiloli anomfutho ophezulu wesilinda ngasinye, bese usebenzisa ipompo kaphethiloli yesandla sepompo yokudiliva uwoyela ukupompa uwoyela. Uma uwoyela uphuma ezihlanganisi zamapayipi kaphethiloli phezulu kwepompo yokujova uphethiloli, kusho ukuthi ivalvu yokuphuma kaphethiloli ayivalwanga kahle (vele, uma isiphethu sevalvu yokuphuma kaphethiloli siphukile, kuzokwenzeka futhi Uma lokhu kwenzeka), uma kukhona uphawu olubi ku-multi-cylinder, ipompo yokujova uphethiloli kufanele ilungiswe kahle futhi igcinwe, futhi i-coupler kufanele ishintshwe.
6. Shintsha i-plunger egugile kanye ne-valve yokuphuma kawoyela ngesikhathi.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi injini yedizili kunzima ukuyiqala, amandla ayancipha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyakhuphuka, futhi ipompo yokufaka uphethiloli kanye ne-fuel injector kusathuthukiswa ngokulungisa ipompo yokufaka uphethiloli, i-plunger yepompo yokufaka uphethiloli kanye ne-valve yokufaka uphethiloli kufanele kuhlukaniswe futhi kuhlolwe. Uma i-plunger kanye ne-valve yokufaka uphethiloli kugqokwe ngezinga elithile, kufanele kushintshwe ngesikhathi, ungagcizeleli ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha. Ubunzima bokuqalisa injini yedizili, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe, amandla anganele kanye nokunye ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye zokuhlanganisa kudlula kakhulu izindleko zokushintsha izingxenye zokuhlanganisa, futhi amandla kanye nokonga kwenjini yedizili kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu ngemva kokushintsha. Izingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni.
7. Amafutha edizili kufanele asetshenziswe futhi ahlungwe kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafutha edizili angena epompo yokujova uphethiloli ahlanzekile kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, amajeneretha kadizili anezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlunga idizili kunezinjini zikaphethiloli. Amafutha kadizili ahlangabezana namazinga adingekayo kufanele akhethwe ukuze asetshenziswe, futhi kufanele afakwe emanzini okungenani amahora angu-48. Qinisa ukuhlanzwa nokugcinwa kwesihlungi sikadizili, hlanza noma ushintshe isici sesihlungi ngesikhathi; hlanza ithangi likadizili ngesikhathi ngokuya ngezimo zendawo yokusebenza, susa ngokuphelele udaka kanye nomswakama phansi kwethangi likaphethiloli, futhi noma yikuphi ukungcola kudizili kuzothinta i-plunger yepompo yokufaka uphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kukawoyela. Ukugqwala okukhulu noma ukuguguleka kwama-valve couplers kanye nezingxenye zokudlulisela.
8. Hlola njalo futhi ulungise i-engeli yokuhambisa uphethiloli kusengaphambili kwephampu yokufaka uphethiloli kanye ne-engeli yesikhathi sokuhambisa uphethiloli yesilinda ngasinye.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngenxa yokukhululeka kwama-coupling bolts kanye nokuguguleka kwezingxenye zomzimba ze-camshaft kanye ne-roller, i-engeli ethuthukisiwe yokuphakelwa kukawoyela kanye ne-engeli yesikhathi sokuphakelwa kukawoyela yesilinda ngasinye kuvame ukushintsha, okwenza ukushisa kukadizili kube kubi kakhulu, kanye namandla kanye nokonga kwenjini yedizili. Ukusebenza kuyawohloka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunzima ukuqala, ukungazinzile ekusebenzeni, umsindo ongavamile kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, abashayeli abaningi banaka ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kwe-engeli ethuthukisiwe yokuphakelwa kukawoyela iyonke, kodwa bangakunaki ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kwe-engeli yesikhathi sokuphakelwa kukawoyela (okubandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-engeli ethuthukisiwe yokuphakelwa kukawoyela yepompo eyodwa). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuguguleka kwezingxenye ze-camshafts kanye ne-roller transmission, ukuphakelwa kukawoyela kwamasilinda asele akusikho ngempela isikhathi, okuzoholela ebunzimeni bokuqala injini yedizili, amandla anganele, kanye nokusebenza okungazinzile, ikakhulukazi ipompo yokujova kawoyela esesetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Kuthiwa kufanele kunakekelwe kakhulu ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kwe-engeli yesikhathi sokuphakelwa kukawoyela.
9. Ukuhlola njalo indawo evulekile ye-camshaft.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-axial kwe-camshaft yepompo yokujova uphethiloli kuqinile kakhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-0.03 no-0.15mm. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kukhulu kakhulu, kuzokwandisa umthelela wezingxenye zokudlulisela i-roller ebusweni bokusebenza be-cam, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuguguleka kokuqala kobuso be-cam futhi kushintshe ukunikezwa. I-engeli ethuthukisiwe kawoyela; Umgodi wokuthwala we-camshaft kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-radial kukhulu kakhulu, okulula ukubangela i-camshaft ukuthi isebenze ngokungalingani, i-lever yokulungisa ivolumu kawoyela iyanyakaza, kanye nomthamo wokunikezwa kawoyela ushintsha njalo, okwenza injini yedizili isebenze ngokungazinzile, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola nokulungisa njalo. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-axial kwe-camshaft kukhulu kakhulu, ama-shim angangezwa nhlangothi zombili ukuze kulungiswe. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-radial kukhulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukufaka umkhiqizo omusha esikhundleni sawo.
10. Hlola njalo ukuguguleka kwezindlela zokhiye ezifanele kanye nama-fixing bolts.
Izindlela zokhiye ezifanele kanye namabholithi ikakhulukazi abhekisela ezindleleni zokhiye ze-camshaft, izindlela zokhiye ze-coupling flange (amaphampu kawoyela adlulisa amandla ngama-coupling), okhiye be-semicircular kanye namabholithi okulungisa ama-coupling. Indlela yokhiye ye-camshaft, indlela ye-flange kanye nokhiye we-semicircular wephampu yokufaka uphethiloli sekusetshenziswe isikhathi eside, kanti ezikhanyayo zigugile, okwenza indlela yokhiye ibe banzi, ukhiye we-semicircular awufakwanga ngokuqinile, kanye ne-engeli yokunikezwa kukawoyela iyashintsha; esimweni esibucayi, ukhiye uyagingqika, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokudluliselwa kwamandla. , ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo nokulungisa noma ukushintsha izingxenye ezigugile ngesikhathi.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
Izikhuthazo Zikadizili
1. Indandatho ye-O yomjovo yonakele;
2. Ukungafakwa kahle kwe-atomization ye-injector, uwoyela oconsayo;
3. Ukufakwa okungalungile kwe-injector;
4. I-O-ring ayizange ishintshwe lapho i-injector ifakwa kabusha.
Isitoreji sejeneretha yeCummins kufanele sinake:
1) Indawo yokugcina ithangi likaphethiloli kumele iphephe ukuvimbela umlilo. Ithangi likaphethiloli noma idrama likaphethiloli kufanele libekwe endaweni ebonakalayo yodwa, kude nesethi yejenereyitha yedizili, futhi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukubhema.
2) Umthamo kaphethiloli ethangini likaphethiloli kufanele uqinisekise ukutholakala kwansuku zonke.
3) Ngemva kokufakwa kwethangi likawoyela, izinga likawoyela eliphakeme kakhulu alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2.5 ngaphezu kwesisekelo sesethi yejenereyitha yedizili. Uma izinga likawoyela lendawo enkulu yokugcina uwoyela liphakeme kunamamitha angu-2.5, kufanele kufakwe ithangi likawoyela nsuku zonke phakathi kwendawo enkulu yokugcina uwoyela kanye neyunithi ukuze kwenziwe ingcindezi yokulethwa kukawoyela ngqo. Kungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2.5. Ngisho noma injini yedizili icishiwe, uphethiloli awuvunyelwe ukungena enjinini yedizili ngomugqa wokungena kukawoyela noma umugqa wokujova uphethiloli ngamandla adonsela phansi.
4) Ukumelana echwebeni likawoyela akuvunyelwe ukudlula inani elichazwe kuwo wonke amaphepha edatha yokusebenza kwenjini kadizili uma usebenzisa isici sokuhlunga esihlanzekile. Leli nani lokumelana lisekelwe engxenyeni kaphethiloli ethangini likaphethiloli.
5) Ukumelana nokubuyela kukaphethiloli akumele kudlule imininingwane esephepheni ledatha yokusebenza kwenjini kadizili esetshenzisiwe.
6) Ukuxhumeka kwepayipi lokubuyisa uwoyela kaphethiloli akufanele kubangele ukuthi kuvele amagagasi okushaqeka epayipini likawoyela kaphethiloli.
