Xhuma i-piston kanye ne-crankshaft, bese udlulisela amandla e-piston ku-crankshaft, uguqule ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwe-piston kube ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.
Iqembu lenduku yokuxhuma lakhiwe ngomzimba wenduku yokuxhuma, isivalo esikhulu senduku yokuxhuma, induku yokuxhuma i-bushing encane yengxenye, induku yokuxhuma i-bush enkulu yengxenye yokuthwala kanye nama-bolt enduku yokuxhuma (noma izikulufo). Iqembu lenduku yokuxhuma libhekene namandla kagesi avela kuphini le-piston, ukujikijela kwalo kanye namandla angenawo amandla eqembu le-piston. Ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sala mandla kuyashintsha njalo. Ngakho-ke, induku yokuxhuma ibhekene nemithwalo eshintshanayo njengokucindezela nokucindezela. Induku yokuxhuma kumele ibe namandla anele okukhathala kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Amandla anele okukhathala avame ukubangela ukuthi umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma noma i-bolt yenduku yokuxhuma uphuke, okuholela engozini enkulu yomonakalo emshinini wonke. Uma ukuqina kunganele, kuzobangela ukugoba komzimba wenduku kanye nokuguquka okungaphandle kwesiphetho esikhulu senduku yokuxhuma, okuholela ekugugeni okungavamile kwe-piston, isilinda, i-bearing kanye ne-crank pin.
Isakhiwo kanye nokwakheka
Umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma unezingxenye ezintathu, ingxenye exhunywe nephini le-piston ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphela okuncane kwenduku yokuxhuma; ingxenye exhunywe ne-crankshaft ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphela okukhulu kwenduku yokuxhuma, kanti ingxenye exhumanisa ukuphela okuncane kanye nokuphela okukhulu ibizwa ngokuthi umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma.
Ingxenye encane yenduku yokuxhumanisa ikakhulukazi isakhiwo esincane esinodonga oluncane. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguguleka phakathi kwenduku yokuxhumanisa nephini le-piston, i-bushing yethusi enodonga oluncane icindezelwa emgodini omncane wokugcina. Drill noma gay grooves ekhanda elincane kanye ne-bushing ukuze kuvunyelwe uwoyela otshayayo ukuthi ungene ezindaweni zokuhlangana ze-lubricating bushing kanye nephini le-piston.
Umgodi wenduku oxhumanisayo uyinduku ende, futhi ubuye ubhekane namandla amakhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ungagobi futhi uguquke, umzimba wenduku kumele ube nokuqina okwanele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iningi lemishayo yenduku exhumanisayo yezinjini zezimoto isebenzisa izingxenye ezimise okwe-I, ezinganciphisa ubunzima ngokuqina namandla anele, kanti izingxenye ezimise okwe-H zisetshenziswa ezinjinini eziqiniswe kakhulu. Ezinye izinjini zisebenzisa ingxenye encane yenduku exhumanisayo ukuze zifafaze uwoyela ukuze zipholise i-piston, futhi imbobo edlulayo kumele ibholwe ohlangothini olude lomzimba wenduku. Ukuze kugwenywe ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukuxhumana phakathi komzimba wenduku exhumanisayo kanye nendawo encane kanye nendawo enkulu kusebenzisa ukuguquka okubushelelezi kwe-arc enkulu.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza kwenjini, umehluko wekhwalithi yenduku yokuxhuma yesilinda ngayinye kumele ulinganiselwe ebangeni elincane kakhulu. Lapho kuhlanganiswa injini efektri, ngokuvamile ihlelwa ngokwesisindo seziphetho ezinkulu nezincane zenduku yokuxhuma ngamagremu. Induku yokuxhuma yeqembu.
Enjinini yohlobo lwe-V, amasilinda ahambisanayo emigqeni yesobunxele nesokudla abelana ngephini le-crank, kanti izinduku zokuxhuma zinezinhlobo ezintathu: izinduku zokuxhuma ezihambisanayo, izinduku zokuxhuma zefoloko kanye nezinduku zokuxhuma eziyinhloko nezisizayo.
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lomonakalo
Izindlela eziyinhloko zomonakalo wezinduku zokuxhumanisa ukwaphuka kokukhathala kanye nokuguquguquka ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile ukwaphuka kokukhathala kutholakala ezindaweni ezintathu zokucindezeleka okuphezulu endukwini yokuxhumanisa. Izimo zokusebenza zenduku yokuxhumanisa zidinga ukuthi induku yokuxhumanisa ibe namandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokukhathala; futhi idinga ukuqina nokuqina okwanele. Kubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokucubungula izinduku zokuxhumanisa, izinto ngokuvamile zisebenzisa insimbi ecinyiwe neqinisiwe njengensimbi engu-45, engu-40Cr noma engu-40MnB, enobunzima obuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezintsha zenduku yokuxhumanisa ezikhiqizwa izinkampani zezimoto zaseJalimane njengensimbi ye-C70S6 ephezulu ye-carbon microalloy engacinyiwe neqinisiwe, uchungechunge lwe-SPLITASCO Insimbi eyakhiwe, insimbi eyakhiwe ye-FRACTIM kanye nensimbi eyakhiwe ye-S53CV-FS, njll. (okungenhla konke kuyizindinganiso ze-din zaseJalimane). Nakuba insimbi ye-alloy inamandla aphezulu, ibucayi kakhulu ekugxilweni kokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka izidingo eziqinile ngesimo senduku yokuxhumanisa, i-fillet eyeqile, njll., futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ikhwalithi yokucubungula ubuso ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okukhathala, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ye-alloy enamandla aphezulu ngeke kufeze umphumela ofiselekayo.
