I-Turbocharger Yezimoto: Iqhawe Elifihliwe kanye Namaphutha Angaba Khona Enjinini Yamandla
Enkathini yamanje yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe ezimotweni, i-turbocharger isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini. Ifana neqhawe elisemuva kwesiteji, eliletha ukusebenza okunamandla kakhulu kanye nokonga uphethiloli okungcono ezimotweni. Kodwa-ke, leli qhawe liphinde libe nezikhathi "zobumnene". Amaphutha ahlukahlukene angathinta ukusebenza kwalo okuvamile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kwemoto.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-turbocharger
I-turbocharger empeleni iyi-air compressor. Isebenzisa ngobuhlakani amandla okukhipha umoya avela enjinini ukushayela i-turbine ngaphakathi kwendlu. I-turbine bese ishayela i-coaxial impeller, icindezela umoya futhi iwuqinise ngaphambi kokuwuthumela ku-cylinder. Le nqubo ikhulisa kakhulu umthamo wokungenisa wenjini, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushisa uphethiloli futhi ivumele injini ukuthi ikhiphe amandla afinyelela ku-30% ngaphezulu ngevolumu efanayo yokukhipha umoya.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla, umphumela we-turbocharger uyamangalisa ngempela. Isibonelo, amandla enjini ye-1.8T turbocharged angancintisana nalawo enjini engu-2.4L ephefumulayo ngokwemvelo, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kufana nokwenjini engu-1.8L. Ensimini yomjaho, i-turbocharger ikhanya kakhulu. Ivumela izinjini ezinokuguquguquka okulinganiselwe ukuthi zithole amandla amakhulu, okuzinika ithuba emzileni womjaho.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa amandla, ama-turbocharger nawo asebenza kahle ekongeni uphethiloli kanye nokuvikela imvelo. Ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ngokuvamile konga u-3% kuya ku-5%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokushisa kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezingxenye eziyingozi njengezinhlayiya kanye nama-nitrogen oxide, okufaka isandla ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-turbocharger anomsebenzi wokunciphisa ukuphakama okuphezulu, onganqoba ukwehla kwamandla kwezinjini ezindaweni eziphakeme okubangelwa umoya omncane.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nezixazululo zama-turbocharger
Nakuba ama-turbocharger enezinzuzo ezisobala, angabhekana namaphutha ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Amaphutha okuvuza angenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Uma ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuphezulu kodwa umbala wentuthu yokukhipha umoya ujwayelekile futhi amandla engathinteki, kungenzeka ukuthi ipayipi likawoyela lokungenisa noma lokubuyisa umoya le-turbocharger liyavuza. Ngalesi sikhathi, hlola ukuthi indandatho yokuvala umoya ilungile yini. Uma yonakele, yishintshe ngokushesha. Uma ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuphezulu futhi i-exhaust ikhipha umusi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kodwa amandla ahlala engashintshi, kungenzeka ukuthi indandatho yokuvala umoya ekugcineni kwe-compressor yehlulekile. Hlola ukuqina kwepayipi likawoyela lokubuyisa umoya bese wenza ukulungiswa. Uma ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuphezulu, i-exhaust ikhipha umusi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama, futhi amandla ehla, kungenzeka ukuthi igebe phakathi kwe-piston nesilinda likhulu kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi uwoyela ungene ekamelweni lokushisa. Kulokhu, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okujulile kwenjini.
Amaphutha okulahlekelwa ugesi akufanele anganakwa. Isibonelo, lapho i-turbocharger ye-BMW 2 Series ingasebenzi kahle, kungase kube nomphumela wokulahlekelwa ugesi. Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ugesi ziningi. Isibonelo, uma uhlelo lokungenisa luvaliwe, ukuvaleka kwesihlungi somoya kuzobangela umoya onganele wokungenisa, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-turbocharger. Ngalesi sikhathi, hlanza noma ushintshe isihlungi somoya. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ipuleti lesimbozo se-bypass valve alivalwanga kahle, okuholela ekuvuza kwengcindezi. Ukushintsha nje ipuleti lesimbozo se-bypass valve kungaxazulula inkinga.
Imisindo yokungqubuzana kwensimbi, ukukhishwa kwentuthu emnyama, kanye nokunciphisa amandla nakho kufanele kuqashelwe. Uma i-turbocharger yenza imisindo yokungqubuzana kwensimbi, ukukhishwa komoya kukhipha intuthu emnyama, futhi amandla ehla, kungenzeka ukuthi i-turbocharger rotor bearing noma i-thrust bearing igugile kakhulu, okwenza i-impeller igudle i-turbocharger housing. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukulungisa noma ukushintsha izingxenye ezifanele ze-bearing ngesikhathi. Futhi, lapho i-flap ikhululekile futhi ishayisana, injini izokwenza umsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo, futhi uphawu ngeke luqine. Ukusheshisa kakhulu kuzobangela ukwehluleka kohlelo lokudlulisa.
Amaphutha omonakalo wezinto zangaphandle nawo ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuvalwa kabi kwepayipi lokungenisa, lapho ukungena kungadluli esihlungini futhi kungene ngqo ku-compressor impeller, noma kungashintshi isihlungi somoya njengoba kudingeka, kungaholela ezintweni zangaphandle ezingene ku-turbocharger futhi kulimaze ubuso bokugcina be-compressor. Umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi kwesilinda senjini kadizili, noma izinto zangaphandle ezingene ku-exhaust manifold ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kungabangela umonakalo we-radial ku-rotor noma ku-transmission shaft, ekugcineni okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-rotor noma ku-shaft. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukwenzeka kokwehluleka kwe-turbocharger, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwansuku zonke nokugcinwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba injini iqaliwe, kufanele ingasebenzi imizuzu engaba mi-3. Ebusika, injini kufanele ifudumale okungenani imizuzu emi-5 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uvumele uwoyela wenjini ukuthi ugcobe ngokugcwele i-turbocharger. Ngemva kokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu noma ukukhuphuka umthambeka, ungayivali injini ngokushesha. Esikhundleni salokho, qhubeka ungasebenzi cishe umzuzu owodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabheringi e-turbocharger agcotshwe ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukushintsha uwoyela wenjini nesihlungi samafutha njalo. Sebenzisa uwoyela wokugcoba ochaziwe kanye nezinto zokuhlunga ukuze ugweme amaphutha abangelwa uwoyela wokugcoba ongahlanzekile noma onganele.
Ekuphetheni, i-turbocharger idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwamandla ezimoto. Ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo kanye namaphutha avamile, kanye nokwazi kahle izindlela ezifanele zokusebenzisa nokulungisa, kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ihlinzeka ngamandla aqinile njalo emotweni futhi isiphelezela ohambweni olubushelelezi.
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Inkampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni i-MG&I-MAXUSizingxenye zezimoto zamukelekile ukuthenga.
