Iyini i-airbag yemoto?
I-airbag hairspring isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-airbag eyinhloko (esisesiteringini) ne-airbag wiring harness. Eqinisweni, iyingxenye nje ye-wiring harness. Umsebenzi wayo ukuthi uma kwenzeka ingozi yemoto, uhlelo lwe-airbag lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli.
Uma imoto ihileleke engozini, uhlelo lwe-airbag lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli.
Uhlelo lwe-airbag ngokuvamile luyisistimu eyodwa ye-airbag yesiteringi noma uhlelo lwe-airbag ezimbili. Izimoto ezihlome nge-airbag ezimbili kanye ne-pretensioner yebhande lesihlalo zizoba ne-airbag kanye ne-pretensioner yebhande lesihlalo esebenza ngasikhathi sinye lapho kwenzeka ingozi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ijubane lingakanani. Lokhu kuphumela ekuchithekeni kwe-airbag ngesikhathi sokushayisana kwesivinini esiphansi futhi kwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa.
Uhlelo lwe-airbag olunezinyathelo ezimbili lungakhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi luzosebenzisa i-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo kuphela noma i-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo kanye ne-airbag ezimbili ukuze zisebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho imoto ihileleke engozini, ngokusekelwe esivinini semoto kanye nokusheshisa kwayo. Ngale ndlela, lapho kwenzeka ingozi yesivinini esiphansi, uhlelo lusebenzisa kuphela amabhande esihlalo ukuze lunikeze isivikelo esanele sokuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli, ngaphandle kokuchitha ama-airbag. Uma kwenzeka ingozi ngesivinini esingaphezu kwama-30km/h, kokubili ibhande lesihlalo kanye ne-airbag kuzosebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuvikela ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli.
Uma imoto ihileleke engcupheni yangaphambili, uhlelo lokulawula izikhwama zomoya lubona amandla okushaya
Uma ukwehla kwejubane kudlula inani elibekiwe, ikhompyutha yesikhwama somoya ixhuma ngokushesha isekethe yepayipi lokuqhuma likagesi ku-inflation element, ivuthe i-ignition medium ngaphakathi kwepayipi lokuqhuma likagesi, bese ilangabi livuthe i-ignition powder kanye ne-gas generator, ikhiqize inani elikhulu legesi ngo-0. Phakathi nemizuzwana emi-3, isikhwama somoya siyavuthelwa, okubangela ukuba sikhule ngokushesha, sidabule ipuleti lokumboza elihlotshisiwe esiteringini bese siqhuma sibheke kumshayeli nakubantu abagibele, sicindezele amakhanda nezifuba zabo esikhwama somoya esigcwele igesi ukuze sinciphise umthelela kubo. Bese, igesi esikhwama somoya iyakhishwa.
Ama-airbag angasabalalisa ngokulinganayo amandla okushaya phezu kwekhanda nesifuba, avimbele umzimba womgibeli osengozini ukuthi ungashayisani ngqo nomzimba wemoto futhi anciphise kakhulu amathuba okulimala. Ama-airbag angabavikela ngempela abagibeli uma kwenzeka ingozi ngaphambili. Ngisho noma amabhande esihlalo engaboshwanga, ama-airbag alwa nokushayisana asanele ukunciphisa ukulimala ngempumelelo. Ngokwezibalo, lapho imoto efakwe ama-airbag ihileleke engozini yangaphambili, izinga lokulimala komgibeli lingancishiswa ngo-64%, kanti ngisho nabagibeli abangu-80% abawagqoki amabhande esihlalo. Ngokuphathelene nokushayisana okuvela ezihlalweni eziseceleni nasezihlalweni zangemuva, asathembele emsebenzini wamabhande esihlalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wesikhwama somoya uma siqhuma cishe ungama-decibel angu-130 kuphela, okungaphakathi kwesilinganiso umzimba womuntu ongasibekezelela. Ama-78% egesi esikhwama somoya yi-nitrogen, ezinzile kakhulu futhi engenabo ubuthi, futhi engenangozi emzimbeni womuntu. Impushana eqhumayo iyimpushana yokugcoba evimba isikhwama somoya ukuthi singanamatheli ndawonye lapho sigoqiwe futhi ayinangozi emzimbeni womuntu.
Konke kuyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili, futhi ama-airbag nawo anohlangothi lwawo olungaphephile. Kubalwa ukuthi uma imoto ihamba ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-60 ngehora, ukushayisana okungazelelwe kuzokwenza imoto ime phakathi nemizuzwana engu-0.2, kanti i-airbag izosakazeka ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-300 ngehora. Amandla okushaya aphumelayo angaba amakhilogremu angu-180, okunzima ezingxenyeni zomzimba womuntu ezisengozini njengekhanda nentamo ukuthwala. Ngakho-ke, uma i-Angle namandla okufakwa kwe-airbag kuphansi kancane, kungaholela "enhlekeleleni".
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, izinzwa ezintathu ziqhubeka nokufaka ulwazi mayelana nokushintsha kwesivinini kusilawuli se-elekthronikhi. Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sihlala sibala, sihlaziya, siqhathanisa futhi sihlulele, futhi sihlala sikulungele ukukhipha imiyalelo. Uma ijubane lemoto lingaphansi kwama-30km/h futhi kwenzeka ukushayisana, inzwa engaphambili kanye nenzwa yokuphepha exhunywe ngokulandelana ngasikhathi sinye zifaka isignali yokushayisana kusilawuli se-elekthronikhi bese zikhipha umyalo wokuqhumisa isiqhumane sikagesi se-pretensioner yebhande lesihlalo. Kodwa-ke, isignali ethunyelwe yinzwa ephakathi ayikwazi ukunika amandla isilawuli se-elekthronikhi ukukhipha umyalo wokuqhumisa isiqhumane sikagesi se-airbag. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokushayisana kwejubane eliphansi (elinokwehla okuncane), inqobo nje uma i-pre-tensioner idonsa ibhande lesihlalo emuva, kwanele ukuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli ekushayiseni phambili.
Uma kwenzeka umthelela wesivinini esikhulu (owehlisa kakhulu ijubane), kokubili inzwa engaphambili kanye nenzwa ephakathi zifaka izimpawu zomthelela ngasikhathi sinye kumlawuli we-elekthronikhi. Ngemva kokwahlulela okusheshayo, isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sikhipha umyalelo wokuqhuma ngasikhathi sinye ama-detonator kagesi e-pretensioner yesobunxele nesokudla kanye nama-airbag amabili. Ngenkathi ibhande lesihlalo liqiniswe emuva, ama-airbag amabili asebenza ngasikhathi sinye, amunca amandla omthelela akhiqizwa ukwehla okukhulu kwejubane komshayeli nabagibeli, okuvikela ngempumelelo ukuphepha kwabo.
Uma imoto ishayisana nento eqondile ngaphambili, lapho imoto ihamba ngokushesha, kulapho ijubane lizoba likhulu khona, futhi amandla atholwa yinzwa azoba makhulu. Uma amandla asethwe ngaphambilini enzwa yangaphambili kanye nenzwa ephakathi ehlukaniswe ngemikhawulo ephezulu nephansi, okungukuthi, ijubane lomthelela elisethwe ngaphambilini lenzwa yangaphambili lingaphansi kwenani lomkhawulo eliphansi elingu-30km/h, futhi inani elisethwe ngaphambilini lenzwa yokuphepha nalo liyinani lomkhawulo eliphansi, khona-ke lapho imoto ishayisana ngesivinini esiphansi, isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sizoqala kuphela i-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo. Uma inani elisethwe ngaphambilini lenzwa ephakathi lingumkhawulo ophezulu, lapho imoto ishayisana ngesivinini esiphezulu, inzwa yangaphambili, inzwa ephakathi kanye nenzwa yokuphepha ngesikhathi esisodwa ikhipha isignali yokushayisana kumlawuli we-elekthronikhi. Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sibe sesiqhumisa zonke iziqhumane zikagesi, okubangela ukuthi amabhande esihlalo aqine futhi ama-airbag asebenze.
Kuthatha cishe ama-10ms kusukela ekwenzekeni kokushayisana, isignali ethunyelwe yinzwa ekuzimiseleni komlawuli ukuqhuma i-detonator kagesi. Ngemva kokuqhuma, i-gas generator ikhiqize inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, elakhukhula ngokushesha i-airbag. Kusukela ekwenzekeni kokushayisana kuya ekwakhekeni kwe-airbag bese kuba ukuqina kwebhande lesihlalo, yonke inqubo ithatha ama-millisecond angu-30 kuya kwangu-35. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokuvikela wesistimu ye-airbag muhle kakhulu.
Uma i-airbag iqhuma, inani elikhulu legesi lingena e-airbag, likhulise ingcindezi yalo, okungavumeli ukumunca amandla okushaya. Ngakho-ke, kunezimbobo ezimbili zokukhipha igesi ngemuva kwe-airbag ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi, okuzuzisa ekuvikeleni ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli.
Njengendlela yokusekela ukuphepha okungenamsebenzi kwezimoto, idonsela ukunaka kwabantu kakhulu. Lapho imoto ishayisana nesithiyo, ibizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana kokuqala. Lapho umgibeli eshayisana nengxenye yangaphakathi, ibizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana kwesibili. Isikhwama somoya sivula ngokushesha umcamelo ogcwele igesi ngemva kokushayisana kokuqala nangaphambi kokushayisana kwesibili, okwenza umgibeli "ahlale emcameloni" ngenxa yokungabi namandla lapho ehamba, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela kumgibeli futhi kudonswe amandla okushayisana, kunciphisa izinga lokulimala kumgibeli.
Ama-airbag athuthuke ngokushesha, amanani awo ehla kakhulu. Izimoto ezihlome ngama-airbag nazo zishintshe kusukela kuma-sedan aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu kuya kwaphakathi kuya kwaphansi. Okwamanje, ezinye izimoto zihlome ngama-airbag abagibeli (okungukuthi, imininingwane emibili yama-airbag) ezihlalweni zangaphambili. Ama-airbag abagibeli afana nalawo asetshenziswa abashayeli, ngaphandle kokuthi makhulu ngobukhulu futhi adinga igesi eningi. Kusukela ngawo-1990, ukusebenza kokuphepha kwama-airbag kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi ngabantu futhi kubhekwa njengedivayisi yokuphepha yesimanje nesezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zama-airbag kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuzivikeleni kangcono. Kodwa-ke, kubashayeli, ukushayela okuphephile kuza kuqala, okungekho divayisi yokuphepha ethuthukisiwe engasithatha indawo.
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