Xhuma i-piston ne-crankshaft, bese udlulisela amandla ku-piston ku-crankshaft, uguqule ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwepiston kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-crankshaft.
Iqembu lenduku yokuxhuma lakhiwe ngomzimba wenduku exhumayo, induku yokuxhuma isivalo esikhulu sokugcina, induku yokuxhuma isihlahla esincane esinamaphethelo, induku yokuxhuma isihlahla esinamaphethelo amakhulu namabhawudi enduku axhumayo (noma izikulufu). Iqembu lezinduku ezixhumayo lingaphansi kwamandla egesi asuka ephinikhodi ye-piston, ukushwibeka kwayo kanye namandla angenayo aphindaphindayo eqembu le-piston. Ubukhulu nokuqondisa kwalawa mandla kuyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, induku yokuxhuma ingaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo efana nokucindezelwa nokungezwani. Induku yokuxhuma kufanele ibe namandla okwanele okukhathala kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Amandla anganele wokukhathala ngokuvamile azobangela ukuba umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma noma ibholithi yenduku yokuxhuma iphuke, okuholela engozini enkulu yokulimala kwawo wonke umshini. Uma ukuqina kunganele, kuzodala ukugoba komzimba wenduku kanye nokuwohloka okungaphandle kwendingilizi kwesiphetho esikhulu senduku yokuxhuma, okuholela ekugugekeni kwe-eccentric ye-piston, isilinda, i-bearing ne-crank pin.
Isakhiwo kanye nokwakheka
Umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma uqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, ingxenye exhunywe nephinikhodi ye-piston ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphela okuncane kwenduku yokuxhuma; ingxenye exhunywe ne-crankshaft ibizwa ngokuthi isiphetho esikhulu senduku yokuxhuma, futhi ingxenye exhuma ingxenye encane kanye nesiphetho esikhulu ibizwa ngokuthi umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma.
Ukuphela okuncane kwenduku yokuxhuma ngokuvamile kuyisakhiwo esinama-annular esinezindonga ezincane. Ukuze unciphise ukuguga phakathi kwenduku yokuxhuma nephinikhodi, i-bronze bushing enezindonga ezincane icindezelwa emgodini omncane wokugcina. I-drill noma imigodi yokugaya ekhanda elincane kanye nesihlahla ukuze uvumele uwoyela ochaphazayo ukuthi angene ezindaweni zokukhwelana ze-lubricating bushing kanye nephinikhodi yepiston.
I-shaft yenduku yokuxhuma iyinduku ende, futhi iphinde ibe ngaphansi kwamandla amakhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ungagobi futhi uwohloke, umzimba wenduku kufanele ube nokuqina okwanele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iningi lezintambo zokuxhuma izinjini zezimoto zisebenzisa izigaba ezimise okwe-I, ezingakwazi ukunciphisa isisindo ngokuqina okwanele namandla, futhi izingxenye ezimise okwe-H zisetshenziswa ezinjini eziqine kakhulu. Ezinye izinjini zisebenzisa ingxenye encane yenduku yokuxhuma ukufafaza uwoyela ukupholisa ipiston, futhi umgodi odlulayo kufanele ubhojwe ohlangothini longitudinal lomzimba wenduku. Ukuze ugweme ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi, ukuxhumana phakathi komzimba wenduku yokuxhuma kanye nesiphetho esincane kanye nesiphetho esikhulu kwamukela ukuguqulwa okushelelayo kwe-arc enkulu.
Ukuze wehlise ukudlidliza kwenjini, umehluko wekhwalithi wenduku yokuxhuma isilinda ngayinye kufanele ukhawulelwe kububanzi obuncane. Lapho uhlanganisa injini efektri, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa ngokwesisindo seziphetho ezinkulu nezincane zenduku yokuxhuma ngamagremu. Induku yokuxhuma yeqembu.
Enjinini yohlobo lwe-V, amasilinda ahambisanayo emigqa yesokunxele nekwesokudla abelana ngephinikhodi, futhi izinduku zokuxhuma zinezinhlobo ezintathu: izinduku zokuxhuma ezihambisanayo, izinduku zokuxhuma zemfoloko nezinduku zokuxhuma eziyinhloko neziyisizayo.
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lomonakalo
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulimala kwezinduku zokuxhuma ukuphuka kokukhathala kanye nokuguqulwa ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile ukuphuka kokukhathala kutholakala ezindaweni ezintathu zokucindezeleka okuphezulu endongeni yokuxhuma. Izimo zokusebenza zenduku yokuxhuma zidinga induku yokuxhuma ukuze ibe namandla aphezulu nokumelana nokukhathala; futhi kudinga ukuqina nokuqina okwanele. Kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula induku yokuxhuma, ngokuvamile izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisebenzisa insimbi ecishiwe nepholile njengensimbi engu-45, 40Cr noma 40MnB, enobulukhuni obuphakeme. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokuxhuma ezintsha ezikhiqizwa izinkampani zezimoto zaseJalimane njenge-C70S6 high carbon microalloy non-quenched and tempered steel, i-SPLITASCO series Forged steel, i-FRACTIM forged steel kanye ne-S53CV-FS yensimbi ekhuniwe, njll. (okungenhla yizo zonke izindinganiso ze-din zaseJalimane ). Nakuba insimbi ye-alloy inamandla amakhulu, izwela kakhulu ekugxilweni kwengcindezi. Ngakho-ke, izidingo eziqinile ziyadingeka ekubunjweni kwenduku yokuxhuma, i-fillet ngokweqile, njll., futhi ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kukhwalithi yokucubungula ubuso ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okukhathala, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ephezulu ye-alloy ngeke kufinyelele okufunayo. umphumela.
